The Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC) is an active arc volcano located in central Mexico, 70 km southeast of Mexico City. Current models of the PVC’s plumbing system and magma petrogenesis are largely based on studies of isolated Plinian eruptions over the past 23.5 ka and present-day Vulcanian activity, while voluminous interplinian effusive summit and flank eruptions remain underrepresented. Here, we present a detailed petrological characterization focussed on ortho- and clinopyroxene in five effusive flank eruptions and two Plinian eruptions of the PVC during the last ∼14.1 ka. Texturally and compositionally defined pyroxene populations are used to constrain magmatic temperatures and deconvolve crystallization histories. At least two long-lived, inter-connected magmatic environments (ME) are identified in the mid- to upper crust beneath the PVC: (1) a mafic ME crystallizing high-Mg orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + Cr-spinel ± sulfide at 1000–1115°C, and (2) an evolved, shallower ME crystallizing plagioclase + low-Mg orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + Fe-Ti oxides + apatite ± sulfide at long-term storage temperatures of ∼970°C. The architecture of the PVC plumbing system has remained stable throughout the last ∼14.1 ka, and both MEs have sustained above-solidus magma storage temperatures fueled by recharge with hydrous, high-Mg basaltic mantle melts that crystallized fosteritic olivine + Cr-spinel + low-Ca clinopyroxene in the lower- to mid-crust at 1080–1220°C. Lavas and pumices show texturally and compositionally diverse crystal cargoes indicative of frequent magma mixing, with ≤67% of pyroxene crystals originating from the mid- to upper crustal mafic ME, of which ≤74% were stored and diffusively overprinted in the evolved ME for centuries to millenia. Pyroxene crystals of different origins, ages and thermal histories are stored in the evolved ME as a heterogeneous crystal mush that is frequently disrupted, reorganized and replenished by mafic injections. Magma recharge causes melt and crystal hybridization over timescales ranging from near-instantaneous to millenia, which produces the diverse crystal cargo and restricted whole-rock compositions typical for the PVC and many other arc volcanoes. We suggest that hot storage conditions and magma dynamics similar to the PVC may be characteristic for many other arc volcanoes of intermediate sizes and compositions.

Popocatépetl火山综合体（PVC）是一座活泼的弧形火山，位于墨西哥中部，距墨西哥城东南70公里。PVC的水暖系统和岩浆成岩作用的当前模型主要基于对过去23.5 ka上孤立的普利尼亚喷发和目前的瓦肯火山活动的研究，而大量的夹层间喷发性顶峰和侧面喷发仍然不足。在这里，我们介绍了在最后一个〜14.1 ka期间，PVC的五个喷出的侧面喷发和两次Plinian喷发的侧重于邻-和斜py的详细岩石学特征。在结构上和成分上定义的辉石种群可用于限制岩浆温度和解卷结晶历史。至少两个长寿的 在PVC下的中上地壳中发现了相互联系的岩浆环境（ME）：( 1）镁铁质ME在1000–1115°C时结晶出高镁邻位比邻苯二酚+斜向比邻苯二酚和Cr-尖晶石±硫化物，并且（2 ）在约970°C的长期储存温度下，逐渐析出的，较浅的ME结晶斜长石+低镁的邻苯二甲醚+斜向吡咯+ Fe-Ti氧化物+磷灰石±硫化物。PVC管道系统的体系结构在最后一个〜14.1 ka期间一直保持稳定，并且两个ME都因含水性高镁玄武质地幔熔体的回补而达到固相线以上的岩浆储藏温度，该熔岩结晶了橄榄石橄榄石+ Cr-尖晶石+低-地壳下部至中部的Ca斜辉石在1080–1220°C时。熔岩和浮渣显示出质地和组成各异的水晶货物，表明岩浆频繁混合，≤67％的辉石晶体来自中上地壳镁铁质ME，其中≤74％的辉石晶体在演化的ME中已被储存并扩散叠印了数百年至千年。不同来源，年龄和热史的辉石晶体作为异质结晶糊状物存储在演化的ME中，该结晶糊状物经常通过镁铁矿注射而被破坏，重组和补充。岩浆充填会导致熔融和晶体杂化，其时间范围从近乎瞬时到几千年，这产生了各种晶体货物和PVC和许多其他弧形火山典型的受限制的全岩石成分。我们建议，类似于PVC的热存储条件和岩浆动力学可能是许多其他中等大小和组成的弧形火山的特征。