Genomic reassortment of segmented RNA virus strains is an important evolutionary mechanism that can generate novel viruses with profound effects on human and animal health, such as the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009 arising from reassortment of two swine influenza viruses. Reassortment is not restricted to influenza virus and has been shown to occur in members of the order Bunyavirales. The majority of reassortment events occurs between closely related lineages purportedly due to molecular constraints during viral packaging. In the original report of Camp Ripley virus (RPLV), a newfound hantavirus in the northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), phylogenetic incongruence between different genomic segments suggested reassortment. We have expanded sampling to include RPLV sequences amplified from archival tissues of 36 northern short-tailed shrews collected in 12 states (Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Wisconsin), and one southern short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis) from Florida, within the United States. Using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and Graph-incompatibility-based Reassortment Finder, we identified multiple instances of reassortment that spanned the Hantaviridae phylogenetic tree, including three highly divergent, co-circulating lineages of the M segment that have reassorted with a conserved L segment in multiple populations of B. brevicauda. In addition to identifying the first known mobatvirus-like M-segment sequences from a soricid host and only the second from a eulipotyphlan mammal, our results suggest that reassortment may be common between divergent virus strains and provide strong justification for expanded spatial, temporal, and taxonomic analyses of segmented viruses.

分段RNA病毒株的基因组重配是一种重要的进化机制，可以产生对人类和动物健康产生深远影响的新型病毒，例如2009年的H1N1流感大流行就是由两种猪流感病毒重配引起的。重组不仅限于流感病毒，并且已被证明发生在该目成员中布尼亚病毒目。据称，由于病毒包装过程中的分子限制，大多数重配事件发生在密切相关的谱系之间。在 Camp Ripley 病毒 (RPLV) 的原始报告中，这是一种在北方短尾鼩鼱中新发现的汉坦病毒（短尾蜉蝣），不同基因组片段之间的系统发育不一致表明存在重配。我们扩大了采样范围，纳入了从 12 个州（阿肯色州、爱荷华州、堪萨斯州、马里兰州、马萨诸塞州、密歇根州、明尼苏达州、新罕布什尔州、俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚州、威斯康星州）采集的 36 只北方短尾鼩鼱档案组织中扩增的 RPLV 序列，和一只南方短尾鼩鼱（卡罗莱纳州蜈蚣）来自美国佛罗里达州。使用贝叶斯系统发育分析和基于图形不兼容性的重配查找器，我们识别了跨越汉坦病毒科系统发育树，包括 M 片段的三个高度分化的共循环谱系，它们在多个群体中与保守的 L 片段重配短尾双歧杆菌。 除了从 soricid 宿主中鉴定出第一个已知的莫巴特病毒样 M 片段序列以及仅从 eulipotyphlan 哺乳动物中鉴定出第二个已知的莫巴特病毒样 M 片段序列之外，我们的结果表明，不同病毒株之间的重配可能很常见，并为扩大空间、时间和传播范围提供了强有力的理由。分段病毒的分类学分析。