Abstract The article presents the results of the Palaeolithic loess sites studies in the Halych-Dnister region. It is an area in the Dnister River basin (Ukraine) with a large number of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites (Yezupil I, Halych I, Halych II, Mariampil I, Mariampil V, Mezhyhirtsi, Kolodiiv, Hannusivka, etc.), which have been discovered and studied including multilayered ones. It is open-air Palaeolithic sites related to widespread distribution in the region Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequence reaching up to 30 m thickness, sometimes even more. Palaeolithic sites have been investigated using various field and laboratory archaeological and natural science research methods. Defined cultural horizons of the sites are stratified and dated by luminescent and radiocarbon methods, and their cultural identity is characterized. In the Halych-Dnister region, the most developed are the Middle Palaeolithic (Levallois, Micoquian) cultural horizons as well as the Gravettian techno-complexes of the Upper Palaeolithic. During our research, some scientific problems have been identified in studying the Palaeolithic sites of Halych-Dnister region. They are described in the article. As our practice has shown, issues such as the interpretation of the taphonomy and chronology of archaeological artefacts, the determination of the cultural identity of the archaeological site or particular cultural horizons, the underestimation of the redeposition of cultural layers, the role of palaeorelief and the deluvial–solifluction processes in it, the incompleteness of geological sections of archaeological sites are often debatable among researchers. In the light of the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, the issue of rationale, certification and protection of Palaeolithic sites is becoming more urgent. The main purpose of the article is to analyse these issues and find ways to resolve them.

中文翻译：

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Halych-Dnister地区（乌克兰）旧石器时代研究的主要问题

摘要 本文介绍了 Halych-Dnister 地区旧石器时代黄土遗址的研究结果。它是德尼斯特河流域（乌克兰）的一个地区，拥有大量旧石器时代中期和上部遗址（Yezupil I、Halych I、Halych II、Mariampil I、Mariampil V、Mezhyhirtsi、Kolodiiv、Hannusivka 等），被发现和研究，包括多层的。它是露天旧石器时代遗址，与该地区广泛分布的更新世黄土-古土壤层序相关，厚度可达30 m，有时甚至更多。已使用各种实地和实验室考古和自然科学研究方法对旧石器时代遗址进行了调查。通过发光和放射性碳方法对遗址的定义文化视野进行分层和测年，并对其文化特征进行表征。在 Halych-Dnister 地区，最发达的是旧石器时代中期（Levallois、Micoquian）文化视野以及旧石器时代晚期的 Gravettian 技术综合体。在我们的研究过程中，已经发现了研究 Halych-Dnister 地区旧石器时代遗址的一些科学问题。它们在文章中进行了描述。正如我们的实践所表明的，诸如考古文物的埋藏学和年代学的解释、考古遗址或特定文化视野的文化特征的确定、对文化层再沉积的低估、古地貌的作用和在其中的沉积-沉淀过程中，考古遗址地质剖面的不完整性经常在研究人员中引起争议。鉴于人为对环境的影响越来越大，旧石器时代遗址的合理性、认证和保护问题变得更加紧迫。这篇文章的主要目的是分析这些问题并找到解决它们的方法。