Privatization of the ocean, in the sense of defining more exclusive property rights, is taking place in increasingly diverse ways. Because of more intensive and diversified use patterns and increasing sustainability challenges, it is likely that this process will continue into the future. We argue that the nature of privatization varies from one oceanic domain to another. We differentiate four idealtypical domains: (1) resources, (2) space, (3) governance control, and (4) knowledge, and nine criteria for the assessment of privatization. We apply those criteria to a selection of examples from the realm of marine life (from micro-organisms to fish) to highlight similarities and differences and establish foundations for broader analysis. We aim hereby to develop the groundwork for a balanced, interdisciplinary perspective on ocean privatization. Our analysis demonstrates that privatization has multiple dimensions and cannot be condemned or embraced in its entirety. Instead it requires more nuanced assessment and deliberation.

中文翻译：

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拓宽海洋私有化的视野：跨学​​科社会科学探究

海洋私有化，即定义更多专属产权，正在以越来越多样化的方式进行。由于更加密集和多样化的使用模式以及日益增加的可持续性挑战，这一过程很可能会持续到未来。我们认为私有化的性质因海洋领域而异。我们区分了四个理想的典型领域：（1）资源，（2）空间，（3）治理控制，（4）知识，以及评估私有化的九个标准。我们将这些标准应用于海洋生物领域（从微生物到鱼类）的精选示例，以突出异同，并为更广泛的分析奠定基础。我们的目标是为海洋私有化的平衡、跨学科视角奠定基础。我们的分析表明，私有化有多个维度，不能完全谴责或接受。相反，它需要更细致的评估和审议。