1. Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are variable, often discontinuous, behaviours that allow a particular sex to achieve enhanced mating success. Predation risk has been hypothesised to drive the evolution of ARTs, but few empirical studies have examined this. It is unclear whether predators affect fitness of the two sexes directly, by reducing survival, or indirectly, by altering mate searching.
2. In crickets, mate search typically involves acoustic signalling by males and acoustic‐mediated movement towards males by silent females. Males and females may however employ ARTs, which includes silent searching by males, and mating without performing phonotaxis in females.
3. We empirically examined effects of increased predation risk on mate searching behaviour and survival of male and female tree crickets, and their effects on mating success, using field‐enclosure experiments with tree crickets Oecanthus henryi and their primary predator, green lynx spiders Peucetia viridans. Crickets were allocated into three treatments with different levels of predation risk.
4. Increased predation risk strongly reduced survival, and thereby mating success, for both sexes. With increasing predation risk, males reduced calling and increased movement towards neighbouring callers, with negative effects on mating success. By comparing with simulated random movement, we found that male movement was significantly directed towards other calling males, implying a switch to satellite strategies. Female movement behaviour, however, remained unaltered.
5. Males and females thus differed in their response to comparable levels of predation risk, implying that the role of predation as a driver of alternative mate search strategies is sex‐specific.

中文翻译：

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应对树捕食风险的替代生殖策略中的性别差异

1. 另类生殖策略（ART）是可变的，通常是不连续的行为，使特定性别能够实现更好的交配成功。假设有捕食风险会推动抗逆转录病毒疗法的发展，但是很少有经验研究对此进行过研究。目前尚不清楚捕食者是通过降低生存率直接影响两性的适应性，还是通过改变伴侣的搜索来间接影响两性的适应性。
2. 在中，伴侣搜寻通常涉及雄性的声音信号，而沉默的雌性则通过声音介导的运动向雄性移动。但是，雄性和雌性可能会使用抗逆转录病毒疗法，包括雄性无声搜索和交配，而雌性则不进行视轴反射。
3. 我们使用田ec Oecanthus henryi及其主要捕食者绿green蜘蛛Peucetia viridans进行田间封闭试验，以实证研究了捕食风险增加对雄性和雌性tree的伴侣搜寻行为和存活的影响及其对交配成功的影响。被分配到三种具有不同掠食风险水平的治疗中。
4. 捕食风险的增加极大地降低了男女的生存率，从而使交配成功。随着捕食风险的增加，雄性减少了呼叫并增加了向邻近呼叫者的移动，这对交配成功产生了负面影响。通过与模拟的随机运动进行比较，我们发现雄性运动显着地指向了其他呼唤雄性，这意味着转向了卫星策略。但是，女性的运动行为保持不变。
5. 因此，男性和女性对可比水平的捕食风险的反应有所不同，这表明捕食作为替代配偶搜索策略的驱动力的作用因性别而异。