Of all-natural disasters, extreme high temperatures events are the main cause of weather-related mortality. The compact urban settings of cities, the dependency on infrastructural systems as well as the larger concentration of people and economic activities make urban areas particularly vulnerable to health risks due to heat. To investigate vulnerabilities to heat, the study illustrates how vulnerability factors together with the hazard and the urban parameters determine the nexus between the heat and the health outcome, here called heat-health nexus. Peer-reviewed articles with no language limitations were searched from the first available record subjected to the imposed selection criteria. First, the information related to the study area were analysed, taking into consideration the level of resolution to investigate the scale of analysis. Then, the specific hazard parameters, divided in simple or combined weather indices, were evaluated. For sensitivity and adaptive capacity aspects, the study considered four distinct categories of determinants: mental and physical health, demographics, social and economic status. Finally, when looking at enhanced exposure, groups of determinants of vulnerability, divided between those describing indoor and outdoor environment conditions were analysed. Results demonstrated a heterogeneous spatial distribution of the identified case studies about heat and health in the urban context and highlighted different characteristics related to climate hazard, exposure, vulnerability and enhanced exposure factors in relation to the health of the population. This literature review demonstrate that a detailed identification of sensitivity, adaptive capacity and enhanced exposure elements is crucial in the implementation of effective adaptation measures in the health context.

在所有自然灾害中，极端高温事件是与天气有关的死亡率的主要原因。城市紧凑的城市环境，对基础设施系统的依赖以及人口和经济活动的集中使城市地区特别容易受到热影响的健康风险。为了研究高温的脆弱性，该研究说明了脆弱性因素以及危害和城市参数如何确定高温与健康结果之间的联系，这里称为热-健康联系。。从第一个可用记录（遵循强加的选择标准）中搜索没有语言限制的经过同行评审的文章。首先，考虑研究水平，分析与研究区域相关的信息。然后，评估了划分为简单或组合天气指数的特定危害参数。在敏感性和适应能力方面，研究考虑了决定因素的四个不同类别：心理和身体健康，人口统计学，社会和经济状况。最后，在考虑增加暴露时，分析了脆弱性的决定因素组，分为描述室内和室外环境条件的脆弱性决定因素。结果表明，已确定的关于城市环境中热量和健康的案例研究的空间分布不均，并强调了与气候危害，暴露，脆弱性和与人口健康相关的暴露因子增加有关的不同特征。这篇文献综述表明，对敏感性，适应能力和增加的接触因素的详细识别对于在健康背景下实施有效的适应措施至关重要。