This study investigated 2 possible approaches to dietary control of acute postprandial responses to a rice-based meal under equicarbohydrate conditions: (1) a dried apple (DA) preload and (2) co-ingestion of vinegar-soaked DA. We hypothesized that both approaches would counteract hyperglycemia with no negative effect on satiety, possibly explained by an inhibitory effect on digestive enzyme activity and/or the effect of the sugar component of the DA. Fifteen healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of DA and rice (DA + R), (3) DA preload and rice (PDA + R), (4) rice with sugar solution (same sugar profile as in DA) preloaded (PSS + R), or (5) co-ingestion of rice with vinegar-soaked DA (VDA + R) in a randomized crossover trial. Acute postprandial glycemic response tests and subjective satiety tests were conducted for each test meal. Compared with rice reference, the PA + R and PSS + R achieved 31.4% and 36.3% reduction of the incremental area under the curve0-120, 24.3% and 27.0% decreases in the average glucose peak, along with 21.6% and 27.0% decreases in glycemic excursion in 240 minutes, whereas the VDA + R resulted 42.4%, 27.0%, and 29.7% reductions in the incremental area under the curve0-120, peak, and glycemic excursion, respectively. The DA-containing meals had no effect or a favorable effect on satiety. The in vitro assay found larger resistant starch and smaller rapid digestible starch fractions in DA + R and VDA + R meals compared to those of the rice reference (P < .001). The result of this study supported the research hypothesis, and the DA-containing meals could be considered as a potential dietary approach for glycemic management.

中文翻译：

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在等量碳水化合物条件下，共同摄入醋浸泡或预装干苹果减轻健康受试者米粉的急性餐后血糖

本研究调查了在等量碳水化合物条件下对以大米为基础的膳食的急性餐后反应的饮食控制的两种可能的饮食控制方法：(1) 干苹果 (DA) 预负荷和 (2) 共同摄入醋浸泡的 DA。我们假设这两种方法都可以抵消高血糖而对饱腹感没有负面影响，这可能是由于对消化酶活性的抑制作用和/或 DA 的糖成分的影响。十五名健康女性受试者食用 (1) 大米，(2) DA 和大米的共同摄入 (DA + R)，(3) DA 预加载和大米 (PDA + R)，(4) 大米加糖溶液（相同的糖谱）如在 DA 中）预加载（PSS + R），或（5）在随机交叉试验中将大米与醋浸泡的 DA (VDA + R) 共同摄入。对每顿测试餐进行急性餐后血糖反应测试和主观饱腹感测试。与大米对照相比，PA+R和PSS+R分别实现了曲线下增量面积0-120减少31.4%和36.3%，平均血糖峰值减少24.3%和27.0%，减少21.6%和27.0% 240 分钟内的血糖偏移，而 VDA + R 导致曲线 0-120、峰值和血糖偏移下的增量面积分别减少 42.4%、27.0% 和 29.7%。含DA的膳食对饱腹感没有影响或有利影响。体外试验发现，与参考大米相比，DA + R 和 VDA + R 膳食中的抗性淀粉和快速消化淀粉部分较大（P < .001）。本研究结果支持了研究假设，