Abstract The Canga ecosystem, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, is a biodiversity and endemism hotspot as well a potential resource for iron mining, raising conflicts between conservation and economic development. Here, we collected data from 60 randomly selected points in the Canga ecosystem in the Carajas National Forest, Brazil, to analyze the spatial patterns of Ipomoea cavalcantei occurrence in different phytophysiognomies. Through ordinary kriging and a GLM model, we identified that this endemic species occupies a very restricted range within the Canga ecosystem, specifically in areas of Open Rupestrian Fields and Shrub Rupestrian Fields where the iron crust restricts the soil depth to a few centimeters and the vegetation is mainly herbaceous or savannah shrub vegetation, with low sparse tree canopies. These conditions increased the passage of sunlight, revealing the importance of light conditions for the species. However, because the species occurs in suitable mining sites, there is continuing conflict between environmental and economic decisions. Spatial data showed that mining has increased in Carajas National Forest over the last 32 years, reducing the potential locations for I. cavalcantei to less than 50 % of its original range. Mining will potentially occupy the entire species range over the next three decades. Restoration outside its original habitat is difficult in the short term, because there is no knowledge of the species’ capacity for growth, survival, and replication. Conservation initiatives for the Canga ecosystem should prioritize strategies that reduce regional dependence on mining and provide alternative economic activities, such as sustainable exploitation of bio-products and ecological tourism.

中文翻译：

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巴西东部亚马逊地区地方性番薯属物种的地质统计建模和保护意义

摘要 位于巴西亚马逊东部的 Canga 生态系统是生物多样性和地方性的热点，也是铁矿开采的潜在资源，引发了保护与经济发展之间的冲突。在这里，我们从巴西 Carajas 国家森林的 Canga 生态系统中随机选择的 60 个点收集数据，以分析不同植物地貌中 Ipomoea cavalcantei 发生的空间模式。通过普通克里金法和 GLM 模型，我们确定这种特有物种在 Canga 生态系统中占据非常有限的范围，特别是在开放的 Rupestrian 领域和灌木 Rupestrian 领域，铁壳将土壤深度限制在几厘米，植被主要是草本或稀树草原灌木植被，树冠稀疏稀疏。这些条件增加了阳光的通过，揭示了光照条件对物种的重要性。然而，由于该物种出现在合适的采矿地点，环境和经济决策之间存在持续冲突。空间数据显示，在过去 32 年里，卡拉哈斯国家森林的采矿业有所增加，将 I. cavalcantei 的潜在位置减少到其原始范围的 50% 以下。在接下来的 30 年里，采矿业可能会占据整个物种范围。短期内在其原始栖息地之外恢复是很困难的，因为不知道该物种的生长、生存和复制能力。Canga 生态系统的保护举措应优先考虑减少区域对采矿的依赖并提供替代经济活动的战略，