Abstract Forest management aims to better understand effects of natural disturbance regimes on forest dynamics and use this knowledge to formulate guidelines in forest planning, thereby narrowing gaps between managed and unmanaged forest landscapes. Using forest simulators to reconstruct forest dynamics in relation to ecosystem processes, including disturbances, could help forest managers to better understand harvesting effects on forest dynamics. Using SORTIE-ND, a spatially explicit forest simulator, we generated stand dynamics for 100 years following simulated clear-cut and partial harvests (dispersed vs aggregated, with 30% and 60% basal area removal). Based on the hardwood: conifer basal area ratio, we grouped post-fire stands into three stand types corresponding to natural post-fire succession (deciduous, mixed deciduous, and mixed coniferous) and assessed long-term effects of clear-cutting and partial harvesting on each. Our results suggest that spatial configurations of harvested and residual trees had a greater effect on stand dynamics than did tree removal intensity. Following dispersed partial harvesting, both deciduous and mixed deciduous stands had species composition and structure similar to unharvested stands of the next successional stage. In these same stand types, aggregated harvests and clear-cutting favoured increased regeneration and basal area increments of aspen, which set succession back to aspen dominance, as has been observed after wildfire. Dispersed partial harvests (both 30% and 60%) and 30% aggregated cuts, in mixed coniferous stands, maintained recruitment and dominance of conifers to levels comparable with unmanaged stands. Clear-cutting in all stand types greatly modified stand compositional and structural attributes, and, when conducted in stands where aspen was abundant, performed as a stand-replacing disturbance, setting succession back to early developmental stages, i.e., to aspen dominance. We conclude that partial harvesting, which emulates gap dynamics similar to undisturbed stands, can maintain natural stand dynamics.

中文翻译：

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模拟不同采伐方法对加拿大魁北克西部北方混交林森林动态的影响

摘要 森林管理旨在更好地了解自然干扰制度对森林动态的影响，并利用这些知识制定森林规划指南，从而缩小管理和未管理森林景观之间的差距。使用森林模拟器重建与生态系统过程（包括干扰）相关的森林动态，可以帮助森林管理者更好地了解采伐对森林动态的影响。使用空间明确的森林模拟器 SORTIE-ND，我们在模拟的砍伐和部分采伐（分散与聚集，基础面积去除 30% 和 60%）后生成了 100 年的林分动态。根据阔叶树：针叶树的基面积比，我们将火后林分分为三种林分类型，对应于自然火后演替（落叶、混合落叶、和混合针叶树），并评估了对每一个的砍伐和部分采伐的长期影响。我们的结果表明，采伐和残留树木的空间配置对林分动态的影响大于树木移除强度。在分散部分采伐后，落叶和混合落叶林的物种组成和结构与下一演替阶段的未采伐林分相似。在这些相同的林分类型中，总收成和砍伐有利于增加白杨的更新和基部面积增量，这使继承恢复到白杨优势，正如在野火后观察到的那样。在混合针叶林中，分散的部分收获（30% 和 60%）和 30% 的总砍伐使针叶树的补充和优势保持在与未管理林分相当的水平。在所有林分类型中进行的砍伐极大地改变了林分的组成和结构属性，并且当在白杨丰富的林分中进行时，作为林分替代干扰进行，使演替回到早期发展阶段，即白杨优势。我们得出的结论是，模拟与未受干扰林分相似的间隙动态的部分采伐可以保持自然林分动态。