Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a member of the IL-2 family of cytokines, which use receptor complexes containing the common gamma (γc) chain for signaling. IL-15 plays important roles in innate and adaptative immune responses and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune diseases. The IL-15 receptor consists of 3 subunits namely, the ligand-binding IL-15Rα chain, the β chain (also used by IL-2) and the γc chain. IL-15 uses a unique signaling pathway whereby IL-15 associates with IL-15Rα during biosynthesis, and this complex is 'trans-presented' to responder cells that expresses the IL-2/15Rβγc receptor complex. IL-15 is subject to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, and evidence also suggests that IL-15 cis-signaling can occur under certain conditions. IL-15 has been implicated in the pathology of various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and psoriasis. Studies with pre-clinical models have shown the beneficial effects of targeting IL-15 signaling in autoimmunity. Unlike therapies targeting other cytokines, anti-IL-15 therapies have not yet been successful in humans. We discuss the complexities of IL-15 signaling in autoimmunity and explore potential immunotherapeutic approaches to target the IL-15 signaling pathway.

中文翻译：

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自身免疫中的白细胞介素15

白细胞介素-15 (IL-15) 是 IL-2 细胞因子家族的成员，它使用包含常见 γ (γc) 链的受体复合物进行信号传递。IL-15 在先天性和适应性免疫反应中发挥重要作用，并与多种免疫疾病的发病机制有关。IL-15 受体由 3 个亚基组成，即结合配体的 IL-15Rα 链、β 链（也被 IL-2 使用）和 γc 链。IL-15 使用独特的信号通路，在生物合成过程中 IL-15 与 IL-15Rα 结合，这种复合物被“反式呈递”给表达 IL-2/15Rβγc 受体复合物的应答细胞。IL-15 受转录后和翻译后调控，证据还表明 IL-15 顺式信号传导可在某些条件下发生。IL-15 与多种自身免疫性疾病的病理学有关，例如类风湿性关节炎、自身免疫性糖尿病、炎症性肠病、乳糜泻和银屑病。临床前模型研究表明，在自身免疫中靶向 IL-15 信号传导具有有益作用。与针对其他细胞因子的疗法不同，抗 IL-15 疗法尚未在人类中取得成功。我们讨论了自身免疫中 IL-15 信号传导的复杂性，并探索了靶向 IL-15 信号传导途径的潜在免疫治疗方法。抗 IL-15 疗法尚未在人类中取得成功。我们讨论了自身免疫中 IL-15 信号传导的复杂性，并探索了靶向 IL-15 信号传导途径的潜在免疫治疗方法。抗 IL-15 疗法尚未在人类中取得成功。我们讨论了自身免疫中 IL-15 信号传导的复杂性，并探索了靶向 IL-15 信号传导途径的潜在免疫治疗方法。