BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the inflammatory reaction, an adaptive response triggered by a variety of harmful stimuli and conditions involved in the risk and development of many chronic diseases, is a potential pathway through which the socioeconomic environment is biologically embedded. Difficulty in interpreting the role of the inflammatory system in the embodiment dynamic arises because of heterogeneity across studies that use a limited but varied number of inflammatory markers. There is no consensus in the literature as to which inflammatory markers beyond the C-reactive protein and to a lesser extent interleukin 6 are related to the social environment. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the association between educational attainment, and several markers of inflammation - C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin 6, interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α- in 6 European cohort studies. METHODS Up to 17,470 participants from six European cohort studies with data on educational attainment, health behaviors and lifestyle factors, and at least two different inflammatory markers. Four sub-datasets were drawn with varying numbers of participants to allow pairwise comparison of the social patterning of C-reactive protein and any other inflammatory markers. To evaluate within each sub-dataset the importance of the context and cohort specificities, linear regression-based analyses were performed separately for each cohort and combined in a random effect meta-analysis to determine the relationship between educational attainment and inflammation. RESULTS We found that the magnitude of the relationship between educational attainment and five inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 and 1β and tumor necrosis factor α) was variable. By far the most socially patterned biomarker was C-reactive protein, followed by fibrinogen and to lesser extent interleukin 6, where a low educational attainment was associated with higher inflammation even after adjusting for health behaviours and body mass index. No association was found with interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests different educational patterning of inflammatory biomarkers . Further large-scale research is needed to explore social differences in the inflammatory cascade in greater detail and the extent to which these differences contribute to social inequalities in health.

中文翻译：

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跨炎症标志物的教育程度模式：多队列研究的结果


背景证据表明，炎症反应是由多种有害刺激和条件引发的适应性反应，涉及许多慢性疾病的风险和发展，是社会经济环境在生物学上嵌入的潜在途径。由于使用有限但不同数量的炎症标记物的研究之间存在异质性，因此难以解释炎症系统在实施例动态中的作用。对于 C 反应蛋白和较小程度上的白细胞介素 6 之外的哪些炎症标志物与社会环境相关，文献中尚未达成共识。因此，我们的目的是在 6 项欧洲队列研究中调查教育程度与几种炎症标志物（C 反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白细胞介素 6、白细胞介素 1β 和肿瘤坏死因子 α）之间的关联。方法 来自六项欧洲队列研究的多达 17,470 名参与者，其数据涉及教育程度、健康行为和生活方式因素，以及至少两种不同的炎症标志物。四个子数据集由不同数量的参与者绘制，以便对 C 反应蛋白和任何其他炎症标志物的社会模式进行成对比较。为了评估每个子数据集中背景和队列特异性的重要性，对每个队列分别进行基于线性回归的分析，并结合随机效应荟萃分析来确定教育程度和炎症之间的关系。结果 我们发现，教育程度与五种炎症生物标志物（C 反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白细胞介素 6 和 1β 以及肿瘤坏死因子 α）之间的关系大小是可变的。 到目前为止，最具社交模式的生物标志物是 C 反应蛋白，其次是纤维蛋白原，其次是白细胞介素 6，其中，即使在调整健康行为和体重指数后，低教育程度也与较高的炎症相关。未发现与白细胞介素 1β 和肿瘤坏死因子 α 相关。结论 我们的研究表明炎症生物标志物的教育模式不同。需要进一步的大规模研究来更详细地探索炎症级联中的社会差异以及这些差异在多大程度上导致健康方面的社会不平等。