An organic-inorganic hybrid monolith incorporated with titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) and hydrophilic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was prepared and evaluated by the isolation of proteins using solid phase microextraction. A typical polymerization system was composed of choline chloride/methacrylic acid (ChCl/MAA, DESs monomer), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), as well as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of TNTs. Then the epoxy groups on the surface of the resulting monolith were modified with amino groups. The synergistic effect of TNTs and DESs monomer to improve the enrichment performance of the sorbent significantly was demonstrated. Compared with the corresponding TNTs/DESs-free monolith, the recoveries of BSA and OVA were increased to 98.6% and 92.7% (RSDs < 2.0%), with an improvement of more than 60.0%. With a correlation coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.9995, the enrichment factors (EFs) were 21.9-28.3-fold. In addition, the resulting monolith was further applied to specifically capture proteins from rat liver according to their pI value, followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The results indicated that the developed monolith was an effective material to isolate protein species of interest according to the pI value of target proteins.

中文翻译：

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与二氧化钛纳米管结合的基于深共熔溶剂的聚合物整体，用于蛋白质的特异性识别

通过使用固相微萃取分离蛋白质，制备并评估了与二氧化钛纳米管 (TNT) 和亲水性低共熔溶剂 (DES) 相结合的有机-无机杂化整料。典型的聚合体系由氯化胆碱/甲基丙烯酸（ChCl/MAA，DESs 单体）、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）以及二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯（EDMA）在 TNT 存在下组成。然后将所得整料表面上的环氧基用氨基改性。证明了 TNTs 和 DESs 单体的协同作用显着提高了吸附剂的富集性能。与相应的不含 TNTs/DESs 的整料相比，BSA 和 OVA 的回收率分别提高到 98.6% 和 92.7%（RSD < 2.0%），提高了 60.0% 以上。相关决定系数 (R2) 高于 0.9995，富集因子 (EF) 为 21.9-28.3 倍。此外，所得整料进一步用于根据 pI 值从大鼠肝脏中特异性捕获蛋白质，然后进行 HPLC-MS/MS 分析。结果表明，所开发的整料是根据目标蛋白质的 pI 值分离目标蛋白质种类的有效材料。