Anti-biofouling materials that combat microorganism attachment have been intensively studied due to the ever-growing demand on smart and durable coatings. Although various hydrophilic polymer surfaces demonstrated superior anti-biofouling properties, their practical application was hampered by the undesired mechanical vulnerability and complicated fabrication process. In this review, we summarized the mechanically and chemically robust anti-biofouling coatings into six strategies namely (i) 3D-grafted coatings, (ii) hierarchical spheres-based coatings, (iii) inorganic nanomaterials-reinforced coatings, (iv) hydrolysis-based coating, (v) semi-interpenetrating structure-based coatings, and (vi) layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled coatings. The anti-biofouling efficacy and durability of these coatings over a series of challenges were also comprehensively presented. The purpose of this review is to inspire researchers to develop novel anti-biofouling coatings for future practical applications.

由于对智能和耐用涂料的需求不断增长，已经对抗微生物附着的防生物污垢材料进行了深入研究。尽管各种亲水性聚合物表面均表现出优异的抗生物结垢性能，但其实际应用受到不希望的机械脆弱性和复杂的制造过程的阻碍。在这篇综述中，我们将机械和化学坚固的抗生物结垢涂料归纳为六种策略，即（i）3D接枝涂料，（ii）基于球形层的涂料，（iii）无机纳米材料增强涂料，（iv）水解- （v）基于半互穿结构的涂层，以及（vi）逐层（LbL）组装涂层。还全面介绍了这些涂料在一系列挑战中的抗生物结垢功效和耐久性。这篇综述的目的是激发研究人员开发新颖的防污涂料，以供将来的实际应用。