Mineral liberation and size reduction are the most critical steps before mineral separation. Several investigations showed that mineral liberation degree could be affected by ore texture and/or loading mechanisms. However, varied definitions have been used for the breakage fundamentals as the leading cause of mineral liberation. This review identifies the breakage fundamentals and analyzes them in terms of process and ore breakage behavior. It is highlighted that the breakage fundamentals are essential for optimizing of comminution environments and designing the comminution machines. Three main areas of breakage processes in regard to fundamentals of breakage are classified and addressed as “Loading mechanism”, “Breakage mechanism”, and “Breakage mode”. Despite the fact that many advances have been made in the design of the comminution machines; still, the combined effect of breakage fundamentals and ore properties such as ore texture in a quantitative manner is not fully understood. In this regard, this study identifies and discusses the material and process factors influencing the breakage phenomenon. This potentially paves the way for improving the comminution environment concerning a particular ore type.

矿物释放和减小尺寸是矿物分离之前最关键的步骤。多项研究表明，矿物的释放程度可能受矿石质地和/或装载机制的影响。但是，断裂的基本原理已采用多种定义，是导致矿物释放的主要原因。这篇综述指出了破损的基本原理，并根据工艺和矿石破损行为对其进行了分析。需要强调的是，破损基础对于优化粉碎环境和设计粉碎机至关重要。关于破损的基本原理，破损过程的三个主要领域被分类为“加载机制”，“破损机制”和“破损模式”。尽管粉碎机的设计已经取得了许多进步；但是，断裂基本原理和矿石特性（例如矿石质地）在定量方式上的综合效果仍未得到充分理解。在这方面，本研究确定并讨论了影响断裂现象的材料和工艺因素。这可能为改善有关特定矿石类型的粉碎环境铺平了道路。