Alternative therapies, such as phytotherapy, are considered to improve the health status of people with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In this regard, Moringa oleifera is currently being studied for its nutritional value and its total phenolic content. Besides phenolic compounds, the phytochemical composition is also of great interest. This composition is characterized by the presence of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates formed by the biotransformation of Moringa glucosinolates contain an additional sugar in their chemical structure, which provides stability to these bioactive compounds over other isothiocyanates found in other crops. Both glucosinolates and isothiocyanates have been described as beneficial for the prevention and improvement of some chronic diseases. The content of glucosinolates in Moringa tissues can be enhanced by certain harvesting methods which in turn alters their final yield after extraction. This review aims to highlight certain features of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates from M. oleifera, such as their chemical structure, functionality, and main extraction and harvesting methods. Some of their health-promoting effects will also be addressed.

中文翻译：

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辣木中的硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸酯：化学和生物方法

植物疗法等替代疗法被认为可以改善慢性非传染性疾病 (CNCD) 患者的健康状况。在这方面，目前正在研究辣木的营养价值和总酚含量。除了酚类化合物，植物化学成分也很受关注。该组合物的特征在于存在硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸酯。通过辣木硫代葡萄糖苷的生物转化形成的异硫氰酸酯在其化学结构中含有额外的糖，与其他作物中发现的其他异硫氰酸酯相比，这为这些生物活性化合物提供了稳定性。硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸酯都被描述为有益于预防和改善一些慢性疾病。某些收获方法可以提高辣木组织中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量，这反过来又会改变提取后的最终产量。本综述旨在重点介绍来自 M. oleifera 的硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸酯的某些特征，例如它们的化学结构、功能以及主要的提取和收获方法。它们的一些促进健康的作用也将得到解决。