Ever increasing demand for food and agricultural resources have led to escalation of pesticide poisoning and environmental hazards. An efficient system for pesticide detection is a constant endeavour and several technologies are working hand in hand to generate effective biosensors for various classes of pesticides. Innovative technologies are being developed for pesticides detection which overcome issues such as time and costs involved in sample preparation. Moreover, improvements in ease of operation and better sensitivity have been achieved using techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. Many tools such as aptamers, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, molecularly imprinted polymers and, antibodies are used to develop hybrid biosensors where the sensitivity is increased several folds and limit of detection is as low as 0.1 pM. The time of detection is reduced to minutes along with simultaneous detection of multiple pesticides using the biosensors. We reviewed the latest biosensors developed which can be utilized for on-site sensing and optical biosensors are at the forefront of technology with advantages such as easy protocols, simple operation, high sensitivity, broad linearity range and cost-effectiveness. Colorimetric and fluorescence biosensors have rapid detection of pesticides with 90% recovery in food and serum samples. Chemiluminescence utilising biosensors have low detection time while photoluminescent sensors are highly sensitive and can be easily combined with smartphones for real-time detection. Many commercially available Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates are also present. For a cost-effective point-of-care biosensor, sample pre-treatment and expensive instrumentation are few hurdles that are conquered in electrochemical sensors. With amperometric, impedimetric and potentiometric techniques used in these biosensors, a low detection limit and time is observed in agriculture, water and food samples containing variety of pesticides. The review covers all the major techniques which can potentially be used for the development of point-of care biosensors such as, colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, photoluminescence, surface enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemical in detailed and up-to-date analysis.

对粮食和农业资源的需求不断增长，导致农药中毒和环境危害升级。一个有效的农药检测系统是一项持续不断的努力，几种技术齐头并进，以产生适用于各种农药的有效生物传感器。正在开发用于农药检测的创新技术，该技术克服了诸如样品制备所需的时间和成本等问题。此外，使用诸如荧光光谱法和电化学方法的技术已经实现了操作简便性和更好的灵敏度的改进。许多工具，例如适体，金纳米粒子，量子点，分子印迹聚合物以及 抗体被用于开发混合生物传感器，其灵敏度提高了几倍，检测极限低至0.1 pM。使用生物传感器同时检测多种农药的同时，检测时间减少到数分钟。我们回顾了最新开发的可用于现场感测的生物传感器，光学生物传感器以其易于操作，操作简单，灵敏度高，线性范围宽和成本效益高等优点处于技术的最前沿。比色和荧光生物传感器可快速检测农药，食品和血清样品中的回收率达90％。利用生物传感器的化学发光检测时间短，而光致发光传感器则非常灵敏，可以轻松地与智能手机结合使用以进行实时检测。还存在许多可商购的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底。对于具有成本效益的即时医疗生物传感器而言，样品预处理和昂贵的仪器是电化学传感器克服的几个障碍。在这些生物传感器中使用电流，阻抗和电位技术，可以在含有多种农药的农业，水和食品样品中发现较低的检测限和时间。这篇综述涵盖了可能用于开发即时医疗生物传感器的所有主要技术，例如比色，荧光，化学发光，光致发光，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学的详细和最新分析。对于具有成本效益的即时医疗生物传感器而言，样品预处理和昂贵的仪器是电化学传感器克服的几个障碍。在这些生物传感器中使用电流，阻抗和电位技术，可以在含有多种农药的农业，水和食品样品中发现较低的检测限和时间。这篇综述涵盖了可用于即时医疗生物传感器开发的所有主要技术，例如比色，荧光，化学发光，光致发光，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学分析等最新的详细信息。对于具有成本效益的即时医疗生物传感器而言，样品预处理和昂贵的仪器是电化学传感器克服的几个障碍。在这些生物传感器中使用电流，阻抗和电位技术，可在含有多种农药的农业，水和食品样品中发现较低的检测限和时间。这篇综述涵盖了可用于即时医疗生物传感器开发的所有主要技术，例如比色，荧光，化学发光，光致发光，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学分析等最新的详细信息。在这些生物传感器中使用的阻抗和电位测量技术，在含有多种农药的农业，水和食品样品中观察到了较低的检测限和时间。这篇综述涵盖了可用于即时医疗生物传感器开发的所有主要技术，例如比色，荧光，化学发光，光致发光，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学分析等最新的详细信息。在这些生物传感器中使用的阻抗和电位测量技术，在含有多种农药的农业，水和食品样品中观察到了较低的检测限和时间。这篇综述涵盖了可用于即时医疗生物传感器开发的所有主要技术，例如比色，荧光，化学发光，光致发光，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学分析等最新的详细信息。