Despite the apparent ubiquity and variety of quantum spin liquids in theory, experimental confirmation of spin liquids remains to be a huge challenge. Motivated by the recent surge of evidences for spin liquids in a series of candidate materials, we highlight the experimental schemes, involving the thermal Hall transport and spectrum measurements, that can result in smoking-gun signatures of spin liquids beyond the usual ones. For clarity, we investigate the square lattice spin liquids and theoretically predict the possible phenomena that may emerge in the corresponding spin liquids candidates. The mechanisms for these signatures can be traced back to either the intrinsic characters of spin liquids or the external field-driven behaviors. Our conclusion does not depend on the geometry of lattices and can broadly apply to other relevant spin liquids.

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一些识别量子自旋液体的实验方案

尽管理论上量子自旋液体明显无处不在且种类繁多，但自旋液体的实验确认仍然是一个巨大的挑战。受最近一系列候选材料中自旋液体证据激增的推动，我们强调了实验方案，包括热霍尔传输和光谱测量，这可能导致自旋液体的吸烟枪特征超出通常的特征。为清楚起见，我们研究了方形晶格自旋液体，并从理论上预测了相应自旋液体候选中可能出现的现象。这些特征的机制可以追溯到自旋液体的内在特征或外部场驱动行为。我们的结论不依赖于晶格的几何形状，可以广泛应用于其他相关的自旋液体。