The traceability of measurements of the parameters characterizing single-photon sources, such as photon flux and optical power, paves the way towards their reliable comparison and quantitative evaluation. In this paper, we present an absolute measurement of the optical power of a single-photon source based on an InGaAs quantum dot under pulsed excitation with a calibrated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector. For this purpose, a single excitonic line of the quantum dot emission with a bandwidth below 0.1 nm was spectrally filtered by using two tilted interference filters. Since high count rates are essential for many metrological applications, we optimized the setup efficiency by combining high overall transmission of the optical components with a geometrical enhancement of the extraction efficiency of a single quantum dot by a monolithic microlens to reach photon fluxes up to 3.7105 photons per second at the SPADs. A relative calibration of two SPAD detectors with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.7 % was carried out and verified by the standard calibration method using an attenuated laser. Finally, an Allan deviation analysis was performed giving an optimal averaging time of 92 s for the photon flux.

中文翻译：

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触发窄带单光子源的辐射特性及其在硅单光子雪崩探测器校准中的应用

表征单光子源的参数（如光子通量和光功率）的测量可追溯性，为它们的可靠比较和定量评估铺平了道路。在本文中，我们提出了基于 InGaAs 量子点的单光子源在脉冲激发下使用校准单光子雪崩二极管 (SPAD) 检测器的光功率的绝对测量。为此，使用两个倾斜的干涉滤光片对带宽低于 0.1 nm 的量子点发射的单个激子线进行光谱过滤。由于高计数率对于许多计量应用至关重要，我们通过将光学组件的高整体透射率与单片微透镜对单个量子点的提取效率的几何增强相结合来优化设置效率，以在 SPAD 处达到每秒 3.7105 个光子的光子通量。对两个 SPAD 检测器进行了相对校准，相对标准不确定度为 0.7%，并通过使用衰减激光的标准校准方法进行了验证。最后，进行了艾伦偏差分析，得出光子通量的最佳平均时间为 92 秒。