Forest management and disturbances are among the main drivers of changes in forest dynamics in temperate ecosystems. To promote and maintain forest multifunctionality and species persistence in the landscape, it is critical that the interactions between these factors and forest biodiversity are disentangled. Still, the relationships between disturbances and forest management are poorly understood and may hinder an adequate planning of management and conservation actions in these forests. Here we address this issue via a coupled ecological-economic modeling system under different climate change scenarios. We employed data from a large-scale field-based research in southwestern Germany, in combination with a climate-sensitive forest growth model. Thereby, we quantified changes in multiple biodiversity indicators (including richness of birds, bats and flying insect orders) and tree microhabitats (TreMs) in the face of disturbance and management interventions. Our results show that windstorms may cause economic damage in managed forests, but at the same time improve biodiversity indicators in these areas. Salvage logging, however, may dampen these positive impacts for the majority of indicators considered. Moreover, management solutions targeting at wind risk mitigation may be detrimental to some taxa (e.g. forest birds) but still performed better than the business-as-usual management, in terms of the biodiversity indicators applied. We conclude that considering disturbance impacts on forest dynamics will be key to maintain the sustainability in the use of forest resources and support species persistence in temperate forest landscapes.

中文翻译：

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在干扰风险下协调森林盈利能力和生物多样性保护：森林管理和抢救性伐木的作用

森林管理和干扰是温带生态系统森林动态变化的主要驱动因素之一。为了促进和维持景观中森林的多功能性和物种的持久性，关键是要解开这些因素与森林生物多样性之间的相互作用。尽管如此，人们对干扰与森林管理之间的关系知之甚少，可能会阻碍对这些森林的管理和保护行动进行充分规划。在这里，我们通过不同气候变化情景下的耦合生态经济建模系统来解决这个问题。我们采用了德国西南部大规模实地研究的数据，并结合了气候敏感的森林生长模型。因此，我们量化了多个生物多样性指标的变化（包括鸟类的丰富度、蝙蝠和飞虫目）和树木微生境（TreMs）面对干扰和管理干预。我们的研究结果表明，风暴可能会对受管理的森林造成经济损失，但同时会改善这些地区的生物多样性指标。然而，对于所考虑的大多数指标，救助伐木可能会抑制这些积极影响。此外，针对减轻风风险的管理解决方案可能对某些分类群（例如森林鸟类）有害，但就应用的生物多样性指标而言，其表现仍优于一切照旧的管理。我们得出的结论是，考虑干扰对森林动态的影响将是保持森林资源利用可持续性和支持温带森林景观中物种持久性的关键。