Background:The estimation of premorbid intelligence (PI) is needed for an accurate diagnosis. Objective:This study aimed to estimate the cognitive performance taking into account the PI in Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to healthy controls (HC); and to analyze the discrepancies between the current and the predicted cognitive performance based on the PI. Method:Semantic fluency, verbal and visual memory, and executive functions were assessed in 39 PD and 162 HC. A linear regression model was used to analyze the discrepancies between the predicted cognitive performance and the current raw scores through PI variables (Word Accentuation Test (WAT), Pseudo-Words (PW) Reading subtest from PROLEC-R, age, and years of education). ROC analyses were performed to assess their diagnostic properties. Results:Significant differences were found in the raw cognitive scores between patients and HC [semantic fluency (t = 6.07; p < 0.001), verbal memory (t = 6.63; p < 0.001), and executive functions (t = 2.57; p = 0.013), and in visual memory (t = 1.97; p = 0.055 marginally significant)]. Compared to HC, PD patients presented higher discrepancies between the predicted cognitive performance and the raw scores in semantic fluency, verbal memory, visual memory, executive functions (AUC = 0.78, 0.78; 0.64, 0.61, respectively). Conclusion:The magnitude of the discrepancies scores between the current and the predicted cognitive performance based on PI indicates the presence of cognitive decline in the specific cognitive domain in PD patients. This study underlines the usefulness of premorbid measures and variables, such as WAT, PW, age, and years of education, to more accurately estimate the cognitive performance in PD.

中文翻译：

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基于帕金森病病前智力的认知表现评估。


背景：准确的诊断需要病前智力（PI）的估计。目的：本研究旨在评估帕金森病 (PD) 与健康对照 (HC) 相比的认知表现，并考虑到 PI；并根据 PI 分析当前认知表现与预测认知表现之间的差异。方法：对 39 名 PD 和 162 名 HC 进行了语义流畅性、语言和视觉记忆以及执行功能的评估。使用线性回归模型通过 PI 变量（单词重音测试 (WAT)、来自 PROLEC-R 的伪单词 (PW) 阅读子测试、年龄和受教育年限）分析预测认知表现与当前原始分数之间的差异）。进行 ROC 分析以评估其诊断特性。结果：患者和 HC 之间的原始认知评分存在显着差异 [语义流畅性 (t = 6.07; p < 0.001)、言语记忆 (t = 6.63; p < 0.001) 和执行功能 (t = 2.57; p = 0.013）和视觉记忆（t = 1.97；p = 0.055 略微显着）]。与 HC 相比，PD 患者在语义流畅性、语言记忆、视觉记忆、执行功能方面的预测认知表现与原始分数之间存在更大差异（AUC 分别为 0.78、0.78；0.64、0.61）。结论：当前认知表现与基于 PI 的预测认知表现之间的差异程度表明 PD 患者特定认知领域存在认知下降。这项研究强调了病前测量和变量（例如 WAT、PW、年龄和受教育年限）对于更准确地估计 PD 认知表现的有用性。