Ammonia is one of the most produced chemicals, mainly synthesized from fossil fuels for fertilizer applications. Furthermore, ammonia may be one of the energy carriers of the future, when it is produced from renewable electricity. This has spurred research on alternative technologies for green ammonia production. Research on plasma-driven ammonia synthesis has recently gained traction in academic literature. In the current review, we summarize the literature on plasma-driven ammonia synthesis. We distinguish between mechanisms for ammonia synthesis in the presence of a plasma, with and without a catalyst, for different plasma conditions. Strategies for catalyst design are discussed, as well as the current understanding regarding the potential plasma-catalyst synergies as function of the plasma conditions and their implications on energy efficiency. Finally, we discuss the limitations in currently reported models and experiments, as an outlook for research opportunities for further unravelling the complexities of plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis, in order to bridge the gap between the currently reported models and experimental results.

中文翻译：

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等离子体驱动的催化：间歇性电合成绿色氨

氨是产量最高的化学物质之一，主要由化石燃料合成后用于肥料。此外，当氨由可再生电力生产时，它可能是未来的能源载体之一。这刺激了对绿色氨生产替代技术的研究。等离子体驱动的氨合成的研究最近在学术文献中受到关注。在当前的审查中，我们总结了有关等离子体驱动氨合成的文献。我们在存在和不存在催化剂的情况下，针对不同的等离子体条件，在存在等离子体的情况下区分氨合成的机制。讨论了催化剂设计的策略，以及有关潜在的等离子体-催化剂协同作用（取决于等离子体条件及其对能量效率的影响）的当前理解。