Fine particle samples were collected during summer at an urban (LIM) and a rural/background (AGM) site of Cyprus. They were analyzed for pinene and isoprene secondary organic aerosol (PSOA–ISOA) tracers, linear dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), hydroxyacids (HAs), aromatic acids (AAs), monocarboxylic acids (MCAs) and levoglucosan by GC/MS with prior 3-step derivatization. DCAs, AAs, MCAs and levoglucosan exhibited significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) in LIM, PSOAs and ISOAs in AGM (p < 0.05), whereas mixed trends were found for HAs. Among DCAs, succinic was the most abundant in both sites, accounting for 42.5% and 36.5% of the total DCAs in LIM and AGM respectively, followed by adipic in LIM (20.1%) and azelaic in AGM (22.4%). Malic, phthalic and palmitic acids were the dominant HA, AA and MCA, respectively. Regarding PSOAs, significant differences were observed between the two sites, with the first-generation products accounting for 59.8% of the total measured PSOAs in AGM, but were remarkably lowered (10.3%) in LIM indicating that they were highly oxidized. 2-Methylerythritol was the dominant ISOA tracer in both sites; nevertheless the elevated relative abundance of 2-methylglyceric acid in LIM implies the influences of higher NO_x levels. The increased O₃ levels observed in AGM appear to have a significant impact on SOA formation. Source apportionment tools employed revealed factors related to secondary formation processes including oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, pinene, isoprene and anthropogenic VOCs and factors associated with primary sources such as biomass burning, plant emissions and/or cooking and motor exhaust, with noteworthy differences observed between the two areas.

中文翻译：

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东地中海区域城乡之间的次生有机气溶胶示踪剂和相关的极性有机化合物：来源分配和大气氧化剂的影响

夏季，在塞浦路斯的城市（LIM）和农村/背景（AGM）站点收集了细颗粒样品。通过GC / MS对它们进行了for3和异戊二烯二次有机气溶胶（PSOA-ISOA）示踪剂，线性二元羧酸（DCA），羟基酸（HAs），芳族酸（AAs），一元羧酸（MCA）和左旋葡聚糖的分析，并与先前的3-分步衍生化。DCA，AA，MCA和左旋葡聚糖在AGM中的LIM，PSOA和ISOA中表现出较高的浓度（p <0.05）（p<0.05），而HA的混合趋势则有所不同。在DCA中，琥珀酸在两个站点中含量最高，分别占LIM和AGM中DCA的42.5％和36.5％，其次是LIM中的己二酸（20.1％）和AGM中的壬二酸（22.4％）。苹果酸，邻苯二甲酸和棕榈酸分别是主要的HA，AA和MCA。关于PSOA，两个站点之间观察到显着差异，第一代产品占AGM中测得的PSOA总量的59.8％，但LIM显着降低（10.3％），表明它们被高度氧化。在两个位点，2-甲基赤藓糖醇是主要的ISOA示踪剂。然而在LIM 2- methylglyceric酸升高的相对丰度意味着更高的NO的影响_X水平。增加的O ₃在AGM中观察到的水平似乎对SOA的形成有重大影响。使用的源分配工具揭示了与次级形成过程有关的因素，包括不饱和脂肪酸，pin烯，异戊二烯和人为挥发性有机化合物的氧化，以及与主要来源相关的因素，例如生物质燃烧，植物排放和/或烹饪和汽车尾气排放，两者之间存在显着差异这两个领域。