This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from pig origin (including pigs, pig carcass, and pork) and humans in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) border provinces. The majority of the E. coli isolates from Thailand (69.7%) and Lao PDR (63.3%) exhibited multidrug resistance. Class 1 integrons with resistance gene cassettes were common (n = 43), of which the most predominant resistance gene cassette was aadA1. The percentage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers was 3.4 in Thailand and 3.2 in Lao PDR. The ESBL genes found were bla_CTX-M14, bla_CTX-M27, and bla_CTX-M55, of which bla_CTX-M55 was the most common (58.6%). Ser-83-Leu and Asp-87-Asn were the predominant amino acid changes in GyrA of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Twenty-two percent of all isolates were positive for qnrS. Class 1 integrons carrying aadA1 from pigs (n = 1) and ESBL genes (bla_CTX-M55 and bla_CTX-M14) from pigs (n = 2), pork (n = 1), and humans (n = 7) were located on conjugative plasmids. Most plasmids (29.3%) were typed in the IncFrepB group. In conclusion, AMR E. coli are common in pig origin and humans in these areas. The findings confirm AMR as One Health issue, and highlight the need for comprehensive and unified collaborations within and between sectors on research and policy.

中文翻译：

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泰国和老挝边境省份猪、猪肉和人类大肠杆菌中抗生素耐药性决定因素的存在和转移

本研究旨在调查来自泰国和老挝人民民主共和国 (PDR) 边境省份的猪源（包括猪、猪尸体和猪肉）和人类的大肠杆菌分离株的抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 特征。大多数来自泰国 (69.7%) 和老挝 (63.3%) 的大肠杆菌分离株表现出多药耐药性。具有抗性基因盒的 1 类整合子很常见（n  = 43），其中最主要的抗性基因盒是aadA1。超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL) 生产商的百分比在泰国为 3.4，在老挝为 3.2。发现的 ESBL 基因是bla _CTX-M14、bla _CTX-M27和bla _CTX-M55，其中bla _CTX-M55最为常见（58.6%）。Ser-83-Leu 和 Asp-87-Asn 是环丙沙星耐药菌株 GyrA 中主要的氨基酸变化。所有分离株中有 22% 的qnrS呈阳性。定位携带来自猪（n  = 1）的aadA1和来自猪（n  = 2 ）、猪肉（n  = 1 ）和人类（n  = 7 ）的ESBL 基因（bla _CTX-M55和bla _CTX-M14）的1 类整合子在接合质粒上。大多数质粒 (29.3%) 属于 IncFrepB 组。总之，AMR大肠杆菌在这些地区的猪源和人类中很常见。调查结果证实 AMR 是一个健康问题，并强调需要在研究和政策领域内和部门之间进行全面和统一的合作。