The usage of the solar photovoltaic (SPV) module to meet the power demands, especially in residential and office buildings, is inevitable in forthcoming years. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the possibility of improving the performance of the standalone rooftop SPV module used in the residential and office buildings during peak solar irradiance and ambient temperature with active cooling of the rear surface alone by spraying water and the front surface alone by water overflowing over it and cooling of the rear and the front surfaces simultaneously. The underneath of the SPV module is attached with a tray with a length of 1580 mm, a width of 640 mm, and a depth of 100 mm. It is filled with 40-70 litres of water. Accouters are made for water overflowing from the tube over the front surface of the module and cooling of the rear surface by spraying water. The rear surface cooling, front surface cooling, and simultaneous cooling of both the surfaces reduce the average operating temperature of the module by 15.52°C (maximum 18.6°C), 24.29°C (maximum 28.7°C), and 28.52°C (maximum 34.7°C), respectively. This temperature reduction leads to the increase in the power output of the 150 W module by 10.70 W, 18.48 W, and 20.56 W and percentage increase in efficiency by 8.778%, 15.278%, and 16.895% for rear, front, and simultaneous cooling of surfaces, respectively. The net power output of the module with the front surface cooling by overflowing (0.9 litre/min) water is higher, i.e., 15.88 W/150 W, and produces installation capacity of 0.4234 watt-hour (Wh) of more energy per watt during the test period 10 AM to 2 PM in a day. The recommended cooling methods eliminate the need for freshwater and separate arrangements to dissipate the heat carried by the circulated water and reduced the power required and quantity of water circulated. They also reduced the heat loads of the room by the shadow effect and by maintaining the tray water above the roof.

中文翻译：

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通过喷水主动冷却后表面和溢水主动冷却前表面，提高独立屋顶 SPV 模块在峰值太阳辐照度和环境温度下的性能

使用太阳能光伏 (SPV) 模块来满足电力需求，特别是在住宅和办公楼中，在未来几年是不可避免的。本研究的目的是通过实验研究在峰值太阳辐照度和环境温度期间通过喷水和前表面单独主动冷却后表面来提高住宅和办公楼中使用的独立屋顶 SPV 模块性能的可能性。单独通过水溢出并同时冷却后表面和前表面。SPV 模块的底部附有一个长 1580 毫米、宽 640 毫米、深 100 毫米的托盘。它装满了 40-70 升的水。Accouters 用于从管子的前表面溢出水，并通过喷水冷却后表面。后表面冷却、前表面冷却和两个表面的同时冷却使模块的平均工作温度降低了 15.52°C（最高 18.6°C）、24.29°C（最高 28.7°C）和 28.52°C（最高 34.7°C），分别。这种温度降低导致 150 W 模块的功率输出增加了 10.70 W、18.48 W 和 20.56 W，并且后部、前部和同时冷却的效率提高了 8.778%、15.278% 和 16.895%。面，分别。前表面通过溢水（0.9升/分钟）冷却的模块的净功率输出更高，即15.88 W / 150 W，并且产生的安装容量为0。在一天的上午 10 点到下午 2 点的测试期间，每瓦特能量增加了 4234 瓦时 (Wh)。推荐的冷却方法不需要淡水和单独的装置来散发循环水携带的热量，并减少了所需的功率和循环水量。他们还通过阴影效应和将托盘水保持在屋顶上方来减少房间的热负荷。