Background. The threat of contagious infectious diseases is constantly evolving as demographic explosion, travel globalization, and changes in human lifestyle increase the risk of spreading pathogens, leading to accelerated changes in disease landscape. Of particular interest is the aftermath of superimposing viral epidemics (especially SARS-CoV-2) over long-standing diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), which remains a significant disease for public health worldwide and especially in emerging economies. Methods and Results. The PubMed electronic database was systematically searched for relevant articles linking TB, influenza, and SARS-CoV viruses and subsequently assessed eligibility according to inclusion criteria. Using a data mining approach, we also queried the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). We aimed to answer the following questions: What can be learned from other coronavirus outbreaks (focusing on TB patients)? Is coinfection (TB and SARS-CoV-2) more severe? Is there a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2? How does the TB vaccine affect COVID-19? How does one diagnosis affect the other? Discussions. Few essential elements about TB and SARS-CoV coinfections were discussed. First, lessons from past outbreaks (other coronaviruses) and influenza pandemic/seasonal outbreaks have taught the importance of infection control to avoid the severe impact on TB patients. Second, although challenging due to data scarcity, investigating the pathological pathways linking TB and SARS-CoV-2 leads to the idea that their coexistence might yield a more severe clinical evolution. Finally, we addressed the issues of vaccination and diagnostic reliability in the context of coinfection. Conclusions. Because viral respiratory infections and TB impede the host’s immune responses, it can be assumed that their lethal synergism may contribute to more severe clinical evolution. Despite the rapidly growing number of cases, the data needed to predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with latent TB and TB sequelae still lies ahead. The trial is registered with NCT04327206, NCT01829490, and NCT04121494.

中文翻译：

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肺结核和COVID-19：过去病毒暴发的经验教训和可能的未来结果。

背景。随着人口爆炸，旅行全球化以及人类生活方式的变化增加了病原体传播的风险，传染病的威胁也在不断发展，导致疾病态势的加速变化。特别令人关注的是将病毒流行病（特别是SARS-CoV-2）与长期存在的疾病（如结核病（TB））叠加的后果，结核病仍然是全球范围内尤其是新兴经济体中公共卫生的重要疾病。方法与结果。系统搜索了PubMed电子数据库中与TB，流感和SARS-CoV病毒相关的相关文章，随后根据纳入标准评估了资格。使用数据挖掘方法，我们还查询了COVID-19开放研究数据集（CORD-19）。我们旨在回答以下问题：从其他冠状病毒爆发（针对结核病患者）中可以学到什么？合并感染（TB和SARS-CoV-2）是否更严重？是否有SARS-CoV-2疫苗？结核病疫苗如何影响COVID-19？一种诊断如何影响另一种？讨论区。很少讨论有关结核病和SARS-CoV合并感染的基本要素。首先，从过去的暴发（其他冠状病毒）和流感大流行/季节性暴发中吸取的教训已经教会了控制感染的重要性，以避免对结核病患者的严重影响。其次，尽管由于数据稀缺而具有挑战性，但是研究将结核病与SARS-CoV-2关联的病理途径导致了这样的想法，即它们的共存可能产生更严重的临床进展。最后，我们在合并感染的情况下解决了疫苗接种和诊断可靠性的问题。结论。由于病毒性呼吸道感染和结核病会阻碍宿主的免疫反应，因此可以假定它们的致命协同作用可能会导致更严重的临床进化。尽管病例数迅速增加，但预测COVID-19大流行对潜在结核病和结核病后遗症的影响所需的数据仍然遥遥领先。该试验已在NCT04327206，NCT01829490和NCT04121494中注册。