The development of sophisticated, modern vaccinology from the ancient practice of variolation has paralleled our ever-increasing knowledge about the immune system and the infectious agents that have always faced each other. The challenge of smallpox eventually led to one, ultimately effective, strategy to eradicate this disease and the success of vaccination inspired further research into our immune system; however, the more we have learned about which vaccine strategies are effective, the more we have understood about the complexity of the immune system in general and the variability of responses to specific pathogens. Efforts are, therefore, continuing to adapt and improve vaccination strategies and to understand how we can provoke the immune system to learn the correct preventive responses without having to experience a full-blown infection. This has never been more important than now, to develop vaccines to combat SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we can develop and test vaccines so much faster than in the past, we are ever-more aware of the difficulties in manipulating our complex immune system to generate the memory responses that we hope for.

中文翻译：

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简介：记忆和疫苗接种特刊

从古代的精油调制技术发展起来的先进，现代的疫苗学已经与我们对免疫系统和始终面对面的传染原的不断增长的知识并驾齐驱。天花的挑战最终导致了一种最终消灭这种疾病的有效策略，而疫苗接种的成功激发了对我们免疫系统的进一步研究。但是，我们对哪种疫苗策略有效的了解得越多，我们对免疫系统的复杂性以及对特定病原体反应的变异性的了解就越多。因此，我们将继续努力调整和改进疫苗接种策略，并了解我们如何激发免疫系统以学习正确的预防反应，而不必经历全面的感染。开发抗击SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19大流行的疫苗，这比以往任何时候都更为重要。尽管我们可以比过去更快地开发和测试疫苗，但我们越来越意识到操纵复杂的免疫系统以产生我们希望的记忆应答的困难。