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Co-locality to co-functionality: Eukaryotic gene neighborhoods as a resource for function discovery.
Molecular Biology and Evolution ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 , DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa221
Fatima Foflonker 1 , Crysten E Blaby-Haas 1
Affiliation  

Diverging from the classic paradigm of random gene order in eukaryotes, gene proximity can be leveraged to systematically identify functionally related gene neighborhoods in eukaryotes, utilizing techniques pioneered in bacteria. Current methods of identifying gene neighborhoods typically rely on sequence similarity to characterized gene products. However, this approach is not robust for non-model organisms like algae, which are evolutionarily distant from well-characterized model organisms. Here, we utilize a comparative genomic approach to identify evolutionarily conserved Proximal Orthologous Gene (POG) pairs conserved across at least two taxonomic classes of green algae. A total of 317 gene neighborhoods were identified. In some cases, gene proximity appears to have been conserved since before the streptophyte-chlorophyte split, 1,000 million years ago. Using functional inferences derived from reconstructed evolutionary relationships, we identified several novel functional clusters. A putative mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), “sunscreen”, neighborhood contains genes similar to either vertebrate or cyanobacterial pathways, suggesting a novel mosaic biosynthetic pathway in green algae. One of two putative arsenic-detoxification neighborhoods includes an organoarsenical transporter (ArsJ), a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like gene, homologs of which are involved in arsenic detoxification in bacteria, and a novel algal-specific phosphoglycerate kinase-like gene (PGK). Mutants of the ArsJ-like transporter and PGK-like genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were found to be sensitive to arsenate, providing experimental support for the role of these identified neighbors in resistance to arsenate. Potential evolutionary origins of neighborhoods are discussed, and updated annotations for formerly poorly annotated genes are presented, highlighting the potential of this strategy for functional annotation.

中文翻译:

共功能到共功能:真核基因邻域作为功能发现的资源。

与真核生物中随机基因顺序的经典范式不同,可以利用细菌开拓的技术利用基因邻近性来系统地鉴定真核生物中功能相关的基因邻域。当前鉴定基因邻域的方法通常依赖于与表征的基因产物的序列相似性。但是,这种方法对于像藻类这样的非模型生物来说是不稳健的,它们在进化上与特征鲜明的模型生物相距遥远。在这里,我们利用比较基因组学的方法来确定进化保守的近端直系同源基因(POG)对,这些对在至少两个生物分类类别的绿藻中是保守的。总共鉴定出317个基因邻域。在某些情况下,自链霉菌-叶绿体分裂之前,1 9亿年前 使用从重构的进化关系中得出的功能推论,我们确定了几个新颖的功能簇。一个推定的霉菌素样氨基酸(MAA),即“防晒霜”,附近含有与脊椎动物或蓝细菌途径相似的基因,这表明绿藻中存在一种新颖的镶嵌生物合成途径。假定的两个砷解毒邻域之一包括有机砷转运蛋白(ArsJ),3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶样基因,其同源物与细菌中的砷解毒有关,以及一个新的藻类特异性磷酸甘油酸激酶样基因(PGK)。 )。ArsJ样转运蛋白和PGK样基因的突变体 一个推定的霉菌素样氨基酸(MAA),即“防晒霜”,附近含有与脊椎动物或蓝细菌途径相似的基因,这表明绿藻中存在一种新颖的镶嵌生物合成途径。假定的两个砷解毒邻域之一包括有机砷转运蛋白(ArsJ),3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶样基因,其同源物与细菌中的砷解毒有关,以及一个新的藻类特异性磷酸甘油酸激酶样基因(PGK)。 )。ArsJ样转运蛋白和PGK样基因的突变体 一个推定的霉菌素样氨基酸(MAA),即“防晒霜”,附近含有与脊椎动物或蓝细菌途径相似的基因,这表明绿藻中存在一种新颖的镶嵌生物合成途径。假定的两个砷解毒邻域之一包括有机砷转运蛋白(ArsJ),3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶样基因,其同源物与细菌中的砷解毒有关,以及一个新的藻类特异性磷酸甘油酸激酶样基因(PGK)。 )。ArsJ样转运蛋白和PGK样基因的突变体 假定的两个砷解毒邻域之一包括有机砷转运蛋白(ArsJ),3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶样基因,其同源物与细菌中的砷解毒有关,以及一个新的藻类特异性磷酸甘油酸激酶样基因(PGK)。 )。ArsJ样转运蛋白和PGK样基因的突变体 假定的两个砷解毒邻域之一包括有机砷转运蛋白(ArsJ),3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶样基因,其同源物与细菌中的砷解毒有关,以及一个新的藻类特异性磷酸甘油酸激酶样基因(PGK)。 )。ArsJ样转运蛋白和PGK样基因的突变体发现莱茵衣藻对砷酸盐敏感,为这些鉴定出的邻居在抗砷酸盐中的作用提供了实验支持。讨论了邻域的潜在进化起源,并介绍了以前注释不充分的基因的更新注释,突出了此策略用于功能注释的潜力。
更新日期:2020-09-08
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