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Terrestrial Inputs Drive Seasonality in Organic Matter and Nutrient Biogeochemistry in a High Arctic Fjord System (Isfjorden, Svalbard)
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.542563
Maeve McGovern , Alexey K. Pavlov , Anne Deininger , Mats A. Granskog , Eva Leu , Janne E. Søreide , Amanda E. Poste

Climate-change driven increases in temperature and precipitation are leading to increased discharge of freshwater and terrestrial material to Arctic coastal ecosystems. These inputs bring sediments, nutrients and organic matter (OM) across the land-ocean interface with a range of implications for coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. To investigate responses to terrestrial inputs, physicochemical conditions were characterized in a river- and glacier-influenced Arctic fjord system (Isfjorden, Svalbard) from May to August in 2018 and 2019. Our observations revealed a pervasive freshwater footprint in the inner fjord arms, the geochemical properties of which varied spatially and seasonally as the melt season progressed. In June, during the spring freshet, rivers were a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; with concentrations up to 1410 μmol L–1). In August, permafrost and glacial-fed meltwater was a source of inorganic nutrients including NO2 + NO3, with concentrations 12-fold higher in the rivers than in the fjord. While marine OM dominated in May following the spring phytoplankton bloom, terrestrial OM was present throughout Isfjorden in June and August. Results suggest that enhanced land-ocean connectivity could lead to profound changes in the biogeochemistry and ecology of Svalbard fjords. Given the anticipated warming and associated increases in precipitation, permafrost thaw and freshwater discharge, our results highlight the need for more detailed seasonal field sampling in small Arctic catchments and receiving aquatic systems.

中文翻译:

在高北极峡湾系统(Isfjorden,斯瓦尔巴群岛)中,陆地输入推动有机物质和营养生物地球化学的季节性

气候变化驱动的温度和降水增加导致向北极沿海生态系统排放的淡水和陆地物质增加。这些输入将沉积物、养分和有机物质 (OM) 带到陆地 - 海洋界面,对沿海生态系统和生物地球化学循环产生一系列影响。为了调查对陆地输入的反应,2018 年和 2019 年 5 月至 8 月期间,受河流和冰川影响的北极峡湾系统(斯瓦尔巴群岛伊斯峡湾)的物理化学条件进行了表征。随着融化季节的进行,其地球化学性质随空间和季节而变化。六月,在春季新鲜空气期间,河流是溶解有机碳(DOC;浓度高达 1410 μmol L–1)。8 月,永久冻土和冰川融水是无机营养物的来源,包括 NO2 + NO3,河流中的浓度是峡湾的 12 倍。春季浮游植物大量繁殖后,海洋 OM 在 5 月占主导地位,而陆地 OM 在 6 月和 8 月遍布整个伊斯峡湾。结果表明,陆海连通性的增强可能导致斯瓦尔巴群岛峡湾生物地球化学和生态的深刻变化。鉴于预期的变暖以及降水、永久冻土融化和淡水排放的相关增加,我们的结果强调需要在北极小集水区和接收水系统中进行更详细的季节性实地采样。河流中的浓度是峡湾的 12 倍。春季浮游植物大量繁殖后,海洋 OM 在 5 月占主导地位,而陆地 OM 在 6 月和 8 月遍布整个伊斯峡湾。结果表明,陆海连通性的增强可能导致斯瓦尔巴群岛峡湾生物地球化学和生态的深刻变化。鉴于预期的变暖以及降水、永久冻土融化和淡水排放的相关增加,我们的结果强调需要在北极小集水区和接收水系统中进行更详细的季节性实地采样。河流中的浓度是峡湾的 12 倍。春季浮游植物大量繁殖后,海洋 OM 在 5 月占主导地位,而陆地 OM 在 6 月和 8 月遍布整个伊斯峡湾。结果表明,陆海连通性的增强可能导致斯瓦尔巴群岛峡湾生物地球化学和生态的深刻变化。鉴于预期的变暖以及降水、永久冻土融化和淡水排放的相关增加,我们的结果强调需要在北极小集水区和接收水系统中进行更详细的季节性实地采样。结果表明,陆海连通性的增强可能导致斯瓦尔巴群岛峡湾生物地球化学和生态的深刻变化。鉴于预期的变暖以及降水、永久冻土融化和淡水排放的相关增加,我们的结果强调需要在北极小集水区和接收水系统中进行更详细的季节性实地采样。结果表明,陆海连通性的增强可能导致斯瓦尔巴群岛峡湾生物地球化学和生态的深刻变化。鉴于预期的变暖以及降水、永久冻土融化和淡水排放的相关增加,我们的结果强调需要在北极小集水区和接收水系统中进行更详细的季节性实地采样。
更新日期:2020-09-08
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