Autonomous platforms already make observations over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, measuring salinity, temperature, nitrate, pressure, oxygen, biomass, and many other parameters. However, the observations are not comprehensive. Future autonomous systems need to be more affordable, more modular, more capable and easier to operate. Creative new types of platforms and new compact, low power, calibrated and stable sensors are under development to expand autonomous observations. Communications and recharging need bandwidth and power which can be supplied by standardized docking stations. In situ power generation will also extend endurance for many types of autonomous platforms, particularly autonomous surface vehicles. Standardized communications will improve ease of use, interoperability, and enable coordinated behaviors. Improved autonomy and communications will enable adaptive networks of autonomous platforms. Improvements in autonomy will have three aspects: hardware, control, and operations. As sensors and platforms have more onboard processing capability and energy capacity, more measurements become possible. Control systems and software will have the capability to address more complex states and sophisticated reactions to sensor inputs, which allows the platform to handle a wider variety of circumstances without direct operator control. Operational autonomy is increased by reducing operating costs. To maximize the potential of autonomous observations, new standards and best practices are needed. In some applications, focus on common platforms and volume purchases could lead to significant cost reductions. Cost reductions could enable order-of-magnitude increases in platform operations and increase sampling resolution for a given level of investment. Energy harvesting technologies should be integral to the system design, for sensors, platforms, vehicles, and docking stations. Connections are needed between the marine energy and ocean observing communities to coordinate among funding sources, researchers, and end users. Regional teams should work with global organizations such as IOC/GOOS in governance development. International networks such as emerging glider operations (EGO) should also provide a forum for addressing governance. Networks of multiple vehicles can improve operational efficiencies and transform operational patterns. There is a need to develop operational architectures at regional and global scales to provide a backbone for active networking of autonomous platforms.

中文翻译：

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自主海洋观测的未来愿景

自主平台已经在广泛的时间和空间尺度上进行观测，测量盐度、温度、硝酸盐、压力、氧气、生物量和许多其他参数。但是，观察结果并不全面。未来的自主系统需要更实惠、更模块化、更强大且更易于操作。正在开发创新的新型平台和新型紧凑、低功耗、校准和稳定的传感器，以扩大自主观测。通信和充电需要带宽和电力，而标准化的扩展坞可以提供这些带宽和电力。就地发电还将延长许多类型的自主平台的续航能力，尤其是自主水面车辆。标准化的通信将提高易用性、互操作性并实现协调行为。改进的自治和通信将使自治平台的自适应网络成为可能。自主性的改进将包括三个方面：硬件、控制和操作。随着传感器和平台具有更多的机载处理能力和能量容量，更多的测量成为可能。控制系统和软件将能够处理更复杂的状态和对传感器输入的复杂反应，这使平台能够在没有直接操作员控制的情况下处理更广泛的情况。通过降低运营成本来提高运营自主性。为了最大限度地发挥自主观测的潜力，需要新的标准和最佳实践。在某些应用中，专注于通用平台和批量采购可能会显着降低成本。成本降低可以使平台操作的数量级增加，并在给定的投资水平下提高采样分辨率。能量收集技术应该是系统设计不可或缺的一部分，用于传感器、平台、车辆和坞站。海洋能源和海洋观测社区之间需要建立联系，以在资金来源、研究人员和最终用户之间进行协调。区域团队应在治理发展方面与 IOC/GOOS 等全球组织合作。新兴滑翔机运营 (EGO) 等国际网络也应提供一个解决治理问题的论坛。多辆车的网络可以提高运营效率并改变运营模式。