With the rise in urban population comes a demand for solutions to offset environmental problems caused by urbanization. Green infrastructure (GI) refers to engineered features that provide multiecological functions in urban spaces. Soils are a fundamental component of GI, playing key roles in supporting plant growth, infiltration, and biological activities that contribute to the maintenance of air and water quality. However, urban soils are often physically, chemically, or biologically unsuitable for use in GI features. Constructed Technosols (CTs), consisting of mixtures of organic and mineral waste, are man-made soils designed to meet specific requirements and have great potential for use in GI. This review covers (1) current methods to create CTs adapted for various GI designs and (2) published examples in which CTs have been used in GI. We address the main steps for building CTs, the materials and which formulae should be used to design functional CTs, and the technical constraints of using CTs for applications in parks and square lawns, tree-lined streets, green buffer for storm water management, urban farming, and reclaimed derelict land. The analysis suggests that the composition and structure of CTs should and can be adapted to available wastes and by-products and to future land use and environmental conditions. CTs have a high potential to provide multiple soil functions in diverse situations and to contribute to greening efforts in cities (and beyond) across the world.

中文翻译：

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使用人工土壤建设绿色基础设施–挑战与局限

随着城市人口的增长，需要有解决方案来抵消由城市化引起的环境问题。绿色基础设施（GI）是指在城市空间中提供多生态功能的工程功能。土壤是地理标志的基本组成部分，在支持植物生长，渗透和有助于维持空气和水质的生物活动中发挥关键作用。但是，城市土壤通常在物理，化学或生物学上都不适合用于地理标志特征。由有机废料和矿物废料的混合物组成的人工建造的Technosols（CTs）是人造土壤，旨在满足特定要求，并具有在地理标志中使用的巨大潜力。这篇综述涵盖了（1）当前用于创建适合各种GI设计的CT的方法，以及（2）已在GI中使用CT的已发布示例。我们讨论了构建CT的主要步骤，设计功能CT的材料和公式，以及在公园和方形草坪，绿树成荫的街道，雨水管理的绿色缓冲区，城市中使用CT的技术限制耕种和开荒的土地。分析表明，CT的组成和结构应该而且可以适应现有的废物和副产品以及未来的土地使用和环境条件。CT具有很高的潜力，可以在各种情况下提供多种土壤功能，并有助于全球城市（及其他地区）的绿化工作。绿树成荫的街道，用于雨水管理的绿色缓冲区，城市农业和开垦的废弃土地。分析表明，CT的组成和结构应该而且可以适应现有的废物和副产品以及未来的土地使用和环境条件。CT具有很高的潜力，可以在各种情况下提供多种土壤功能，并有助于全球城市（及其他地区）的绿化工作。绿树成荫的街道，用于雨水管理的绿色缓冲区，城市农业以及废弃的土地。分析表明，CT的组成和结构应该而且可以适应现有的废物和副产品以及未来的土地使用和环境条件。CT具有很高的潜力，可以在各种情况下提供多种土壤功能，并有助于全球城市（及其他地区）的绿化工作。