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Phages and their potential to modulate the microbiome and immunity.
Cellular & Molecular Immunology ( IF 21.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 , DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00532-4
Sara Federici 1 , Samuel P Nobs 1 , Eran Elinav 1, 2
Affiliation  

Bacteriophages (hence termed phages) are viruses that target bacteria and have long been considered as potential future treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection. However, the molecular nature of phage interactions with bacteria and the human host has remained elusive for decades, limiting their therapeutic application. While many phages and their functional repertoires remain unknown, the advent of next-generation sequencing has increasingly enabled researchers to decode new lytic and lysogenic mechanisms by which they attack and destroy bacteria. Furthermore, the last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the utilization of phages as therapeutic vectors and as a means of targeting pathogenic or commensal bacteria or inducing immunomodulation. Importantly, the narrow host range, immense antibacterial repertoire, and ease of manipulating phages may potentially allow for their use as targeted modulators of pathogenic, commensal and pathobiont members of the microbiome, thereby impacting mammalian physiology and immunity along mucosal surfaces in health and in microbiome-associated diseases. In this review, we aim to highlight recent advances in phage biology and how a mechanistic understanding of phage–bacteria–host interactions may facilitate the development of novel phage-based therapeutics. We provide an overview of the challenges of the therapeutic use of phages and how these could be addressed for future use of phages as specific modulators of the human microbiome in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable human diseases.



中文翻译:

噬菌体及其调节微生物组和免疫的潜力。

噬菌体(因此称为噬菌体)是针对细菌的病毒,长期以来一直被认为是针对抗生素耐药性细菌感染的潜在未来治疗方法。然而,噬菌体与细菌和人类宿主相互作用的分子性质几十年来一直难以捉摸,限制了它们的治疗应用。虽然许多噬菌体及其功能库仍然未知,但下一代测序的出现越来越多地使研究人员能够解码新的裂解和溶原机制,它们通过这些机制攻击和破坏细菌。此外,在过去十年中,人们对利用噬菌体作为治疗载体以及作为靶向病原菌或共生细菌或诱导免疫调节的手段重新产生了兴趣。重要的是,狭窄的宿主范围,巨大的抗菌谱,并且易于操纵噬菌体可能允许它们用作微生物组的致病性、共生性和致病性成员的靶向调节剂,从而影响哺乳动物在健康和微生物组相关疾病中沿粘膜表面的生理学和免疫。在这篇综述中,我们旨在强调噬菌体生物学的最新进展,以及对噬菌体-细菌-宿主相互作用的机械理解如何促进新型噬菌体疗法的开发。我们概述了噬菌体治疗使用的挑战,以及如何解决这些挑战,以便未来将噬菌体用作人类微生物组的特定调节剂,用于各种传染性和非传染性人类疾病。微生物组的共生和致病成员,从而在健康和微生物组相关疾病中影响哺乳动物的生理学和沿粘膜表面的免疫。在这篇综述中,我们旨在强调噬菌体生物学的最新进展,以及对噬菌体-细菌-宿主相互作用的机械理解如何促进新型噬菌体疗法的开发。我们概述了噬菌体治疗使用的挑战,以及如何解决这些挑战,以便未来将噬菌体用作人类微生物组的特定调节剂,用于各种传染性和非传染性人类疾病。微生物组的共生和致病成员,从而在健康和微生物组相关疾病中影响哺乳动物的生理学和沿粘膜表面的免疫。在这篇综述中,我们旨在强调噬菌体生物学的最新进展,以及对噬菌体-细菌-宿主相互作用的机械理解如何促进新型噬菌体疗法的开发。我们概述了噬菌体治疗使用的挑战,以及如何解决这些挑战,以便未来将噬菌体用作人类微生物组的特定调节剂,用于各种传染性和非传染性人类疾病。我们旨在强调噬菌体生物学的最新进展,以及对噬菌体-细菌-宿主相互作用的机械理解如何促进新型噬菌体疗法的开发。我们概述了噬菌体治疗使用的挑战,以及如何解决这些挑战,以便未来将噬菌体用作人类微生物组的特定调节剂,用于各种传染性和非传染性人类疾病。我们旨在强调噬菌体生物学的最新进展,以及对噬菌体-细菌-宿主相互作用的机械理解如何促进新型噬菌体疗法的开发。我们概述了噬菌体治疗使用的挑战,以及如何解决这些挑战,以便未来将噬菌体用作人类微生物组的特定调节剂,用于各种传染性和非传染性人类疾病。

更新日期:2020-09-08
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