ABSTRACT

Natural protected areas are recognized as key to the conservation of biodiversity and to face deforestation. Their effectiveness requires both an integrated model and the social participation of local actors. The present study analyzes the deforestation process and its relationship with governance at the Sierra de la Abra Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve (RBSAT), Mexico, and Piedras Blancas National Park (PNPB), Costa Rica. Spatial analysis and participatory methodologies were applied in this study. Over 20 years, 37 ha were deforested in the RBSAT and 396 ha in the PNPB. Cooperation between local actors and institutions, a higher level of governance and empowerment, explains the low deforestation. Land tenure insecurity, unfinished demarcation, and weak governance are the principal threats. A management scheme combining environmental governance, the capacity for institutional management, and international cooperation would be an appropriate model for protected areas.

摘要

自然保护区被认为是保护生物多样性和面临毁林的关键。它们的有效性既需要综合模式，也需要地方参与者的社会参与。本研究分析了墨西哥Sierra de la Abra坦奇帕生物圈保护区（RBSAT）和哥斯达黎加彼德拉斯布兰卡斯国家公园（PNPB）的森林砍伐过程及其与治理的关系。在这项研究中应用了空间分析和参与式方法。在过去的20年中，RBSAT砍伐了37公顷的森林，PNPB砍伐了396公顷的森林。地方行为者与机构之间的合作，更高水平的治理和授权赋予了低森林砍伐率。主要的威胁是土地权属的不安全，未完成的分界和薄弱的治理。结合环境治理的管理方案，