Shuttle kilns are widely used in the sanitary ware industry. A key parameter to reduce energy consumption and increase their overall performance is temperature uniformity. Therefore, in this paper a systematic and statistical study of the effect of the position of burners and their interactions on the temperature uniformity of a shuttle kiln is performed. CFD simulations and a 4k factorial analysis were used to determine, quantitatively and qualitatively, the best burner configuration in hterms of kiln temperature uniformity. It was found that the proximity of the burners has a negative impact on the temperature distribution of the kiln. These proximities caused collisions of the burners streams which deflected the flow in the Y-axis direction. This may increase the outlet velocity of the combustion gases, diminishing the heat exchange between gases and the ceramic pieces, producing a heterogeneous distribution of temperature. The standard deviation varied from 2.29 to 3.78 depending of the configuration of the burners used. To avoid these negative effects, collisions between the streams of the burners should be avoided. Also, the distance between the furniture carts of the kiln could be varied to maximise the heat exchange inside. The results obtained are useful in the design of ceramic shuttle kilns, as it allows one to determine the quantitative and qualitative effect of the position of the burners at different sections of the kiln.

中文翻译：

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使用 CFD 评估卫生洁具行业梭式窑的温度均匀性

梭式窑广泛应用于卫浴行业。降低能耗和提高整体性能的一个关键参数是温度均匀性。因此，本文对燃烧器位置及其相互作用对梭式窑温度均匀性的影响进行了系统的统计研究。CFD 模拟和 4k 因子分析被用于定量和定性地确定在窑温均匀性方面的最佳燃烧器配置。结果表明，燃烧器的靠近对窑的温度分布有负面影响。这些接近导致燃烧器流的碰撞，从而在 Y 轴方向上偏转流。这可能会增加燃烧气体的出口速度，减少气体和陶瓷片之间的热交换，产生不均匀的温度分布。标准偏差从 2.29 到 3.78 不等，这取决于所用燃烧器的配置。为避免这些负面影响，应避免燃烧器流之间的碰撞。此外，窑的家具车之间的距离可以改变，以最大限度地提高内部的热交换。获得的结果对陶瓷梭式窑的设计很有用，因为它允许人们确定窑的不同部分的燃烧器位置的定量和定性影响。应避免燃烧器流之间的碰撞。此外，窑的家具车之间的距离可以改变，以最大限度地提高内部的热交换。获得的结果对陶瓷梭式窑的设计很有用，因为它允许人们确定窑的不同部分的燃烧器位置的定量和定性影响。应避免燃烧器流之间的碰撞。此外，窑的家具车之间的距离可以改变，以最大限度地提高内部的热交换。获得的结果对陶瓷梭式窑的设计很有用，因为它允许人们确定窑的不同部分的燃烧器位置的定量和定性影响。