Pistachio shell is a lignocellulosic biomass with a high potential to be converted into chemicals, biopolymers, and biofuels. Alkaline pre‐treatment is an effective way to extract hemicellulose and increase the cellulose hydrolysis. However, there are some disadvantages to this process, such as a long processing time and the formation of high amounts of degradation products. Microwave irradiation can be used to enhance the effectiveness of alkaline treatment. In this study, microwave‐assisted alkali pre‐treatment (MAAP) was carried to fractionate pistachio shell into its valuable components (i.e., hemicellulose and cellulose), and the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose‐rich residues was performed to produce fermentable sugars.

中文翻译：

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微波辅助碱预处理对开心果壳分离和富纤维素残基酶解的影响

开心果壳是一种木质纤维素生物质，极有可能被转化为化学物质，生物聚合物和生物燃料。碱预处理是提取半纤维素并增加纤维素水解的有效方法。但是，该方法存在一些缺点，例如处理时间长和大量降解产物的形成。微波辐射可用于增强碱处理的有效性。在这项研究中，进行了微波辅助碱预处理（MAAP），将开心果壳分离成其有价值的成分（即半纤维素和纤维素），并对富含纤维素的残渣进行了酶促水解，以产生可发酵的糖。