Climate‐induced nonlinearity in biological variability and non‐stationary relationships with physical drivers are crucial to understand responses of marine organisms to climate variability. These phenomena have raised concerns in the northeastern North Pacific, but are out of the spotlight in the northwestern North Pacific in spite of potential implications for this productive system under increased climate variability. Pelagic communities in the Kuroshio ecosystem have both ecological and economic importance. However, patterns of climate‐induced nonlinearity in pelagic communities are not well understood, and existence of non‐stationarity in their relationships with physical drivers remains obscure. Here, we compile large numbers of climatic, oceanic and biological long‐term time‐series data and employ diverse statistical techniques to reveal such climate‐induced nonlinearity and non‐stationarity. Results show that pelagic communities in the Tsushima and Pacific areas (major areas in the Kuroshio ecosystem) had regime shifts in the late 1990s and late 1980s, respectively. Winter sea surface temperatures in the Kuroshio Current path and in the eastern part of East China Sea, which are respectively affected by the Kuroshio Current and Siberian High, correlate with dominant variability patterns in their pelagic communities. Furthermore, non‐stationarity was identified with threshold years in the 1990s in the Tsushima area and in the 1980s in the Pacific area as a possible result of the declined variances in the Siberian High and Aleutian Low, respectively. Our findings provide insights on spatial differentiation of climate‐induced nonlinearity and non‐stationarity, which are valuable for the management of pelagic communities in the northwestern North Pacific under changing climatic conditions.

中文翻译：

---

浮游生物群落中气候引起的非线性以及与黑潮生态系统中物理驱动因素的非平稳关系

气候引起的生物变异性非线性和与物理驱动因素的非平稳关系对于理解海洋生物对气候变异性的响应至关重要。这些现象在北太平洋东北部引起了人们的关注，但尽管在气候多变性下对该生产系统有潜在影响，但在北太平洋西北部却不引起人们的关注。黑潮生态系统中的远洋群落具有生态和经济意义。但是，人们对中上层气候中由气候引起的非线性的模式还没有很好的理解，并且它们与物理驱动器之间的关系中存在非平稳性的现象仍然不清楚。在这里，我们编译了大量的气候 海洋和生物长期时间序列数据，并采用多种统计技术来揭示这种气候引起的非线性和非平稳性。结果表明，对马和太平洋地区（黑潮生态系统的主要地区）的浮游生物群落分别在1990年代末和1980年代末发生了政权转移。分别受黑潮和西伯利亚高压影响的黑潮洋流路径和东海东部的冬季海表温度与其中上层群落的主要变异性模式相关。此外，对马平稳性在对马岛地区在1990年代和太平洋地区在1980年代被确定为阈值年，这可能是西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压分别下降的结果。