Cancer is a genetic disease that arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations within a cell. Mutations in PIK3CA gene are frequently observed in human solid cancers, and also appear to occur in canine tumors. Specifically, recurrent somatic PIK3CA variants identified in canine mammary tumors and hemangiosarcomas are comparable to human hotspot mutations such as H1047R. PIK3CA mutations found in canine tumors encode functional proteins that may alter downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, PI3K inhibitors have potential in cancer therapy for dogs. This article concisely reviews the emerging evidence concerning the genetic and molecular properties of PIK3CA mutations to discuss future perspectives in veterinary and comparative oncology.

癌症是一种遗传性疾病，源于细胞内遗传突变的积累。PIK3CA基因突变经常在人类实体癌中观察到，并且似乎也出现在犬肿瘤中。具体而言，在犬乳腺肿瘤和血管肉瘤中发现的复发性体细胞PIK3CA变异体可与人类热点突变（例如H1047R）相比。在犬类肿瘤中发现的PIK3CA突变编码的功能蛋白可能会改变下游PI3K / Akt / mTOR信号通路。因此，PI3K抑制剂在犬癌症治疗中具有潜力。本文简要回顾了有关PIK3CA遗传和分子特性的新兴证据 突变以讨论兽医和比较肿瘤学的未来观点。