Abstract The Mediterranean is considered as a World Biodiversity Hotspot because of the significant reservoir of endemics, which are threatened with destruction. Island ecosystems have special importance for biodiversity conservation in this region. However, most of them are under strong anthropogenic influences: recreational pressures, infrastructure development, fires etc. At the same time, new types of anthropogenic pressures have developed, one of which is the preponderance of artificial light at night (ALAN) and sky glow. This factor has not been perceived as dangerous for people and biodiversity until recently. However, the latest researches show the opposite conclusion: ALAN has a significant influence on reproduction, navigation, behavior, foraging, habitat selection, communication, and social interactions of all living organisms. Therefore, we have estimated the level of light pollution on the fifteen biggest islands of the Mediterranean using tools available from Google Earth Pro, and the New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness in the form of a kmz layer created by Falchi et al. (2016). In addition, islands or their parts without ecological light pollution have been selected. The obtained results argue that light pollution is extremely high on these larger islands; there are no areas with zero-level of ecological light pollution. As well it has been found that the level of light pollution of these islands correlates with their human population density. Nevertheless, there are 49 small islands or their parts with “pristine” skies, and their total area is 118.67 km2. Also, four dark sky refugia (Western (313,593 km2), Adriatic (331 km2), Aegean (12,448 km2), and Eastern (841,195 km2)) were highlighted within the territory of the Mediterranean Sea. That is 46,61% of its total area. Special attention has been paid to protected areas of the region in the context of combating light pollution, as well as the potential for astro-tourism development. Recommendations for changing of the current ALAN-related situation are given.

中文翻译：

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地中海岛屿在夜间如何被人造光污染？

摘要 地中海被认为是世界生物多样性热点地区，因为它是重要的地方性水库，受到破坏的威胁。岛屿生态系统对该地区的生物多样性保护具有特别重要的意义。然而，它们中的大多数都受到强烈的人为影响：娱乐压力、基础设施建设、火灾等。同时，新型的人为压力已经形成，其中之一是夜间人造光（ALAN）和天空辉光的优势. 直到最近，这一因素才被视为对人类和生物多样性的危险。然而，最新的研究却得出了相反的结论：ALAN 对所有生物的繁殖、导航、行为、觅食、栖息地选择、交流和社会互动都有重大影响。因此，我们使用 Google Earth Pro 提供的工具以及 Falchi 等人创建的 kmz 图层形式的人工天空亮度新世界地图集估计了地中海十五个最大岛屿的光污染水平。(2016)。此外，还选择了无生态光污染的岛屿或其部分。获得的结果表明，这些较大岛屿上的光污染非常严重；不存在生态光污染为零的区域。还发现这些岛屿的光污染水平与其人口密度相关。尽管如此，仍有 49 个小岛或其部分拥有“原始”天空，总面积为 118.67 平方公里。此外，四个暗空避难所（西部（313,593 平方公里）、亚得里亚海（331 平方公里）、爱琴海（12,448 平方公里）、和东部（841,195 平方公里））在地中海领土内突出显示。这是其总面积的 46.61%。在与光污染作斗争的背景下，特别关注该地区的保护区，以及发展天文旅游的潜力。给出了改变当前 ALAN 相关情况的建议。