Background

Interesterified fats have largely replaced the partially hydrogenated oils which are the main dietary source of trans fat in industrialized food. This process promotes a random rearrangement of the native fatty acids and the results are different triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules without generating trans isomers. The role of interesterified fats in metabolism remains unclear. We evaluated metabolic parameters, glucose homeostasis and inflammatory markers in mice fed with normocaloric and normolipidic diets or hypercaloric and high-fat diet enriched with interesterified palm oil.

Methods

Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and submitted to either normolipidic palm oil diet (PO), normolipidic interesterified palm oil diet (IPO), palm oil high-fat diet (POHF) or interesterified palm oil high-fat diet (IPOHF) during an 8 weeks period.

Results

When compared to the PO group, IPO group presented higher body mass, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, evidence of insulin resistance and greater production of glucose in basal state during pyruvate in situ assay. We also observed higher protein content of hepatic PEPCK and increased cytokine mRNA expression in the IPO group when compared to PO. Interestingly, IPO group showed similar parameters to POHF and IPOHF groups.

Conclusion

The results indicate that substitution of palm oil for interesterified palm oil even on normocaloric and normolipidic diet could negatively modulate metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis as well as cytokine gene expression in the liver and white adipose tissue. This data support concerns about the effects of interesterified fats on health and could promote further discussions about the safety of the utilization of this unnatural fat by food industry.

中文翻译：

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酯交换棕榈油损害葡萄糖稳态并在瑞士小鼠的肝脏中引起有害影响。

背景

酯交换脂肪在很大程度上取代了部分氢化油，后者是工业化食品中反式脂肪的主要膳食来源。这个过程促进了天然脂肪酸的随机重排，结果是不同的三酰甘油 (TAG) 分子，而不会产生反式异构体。酯化脂肪在代谢中的作用仍不清楚。我们评估了以正常热量和正常脂质饮食或富含酯交换棕榈油的高热量和高脂肪饮食喂养的小鼠的代谢参数、葡萄糖稳态和炎症标志物。

方法

雄性瑞士小鼠被随机分为四个实验组，并接受常脂棕榈油饮食 (PO)、常脂酯化棕榈油饮食 (IPO)、棕榈油高脂饮食 (POHF) 或酯化棕榈油高脂饮食 (IPOHF) ) 在 8 周内。

结果

与 PO 组相比，IPO 组表现出更高的体重、高血糖、葡萄糖耐量受损、胰岛素抵抗的证据以及在丙酮酸原位测定期间在基础状态下产生更多的葡萄糖。我们还观察到，与 PO 相比，IPO 组肝脏 PEPCK 的蛋白质含量更高，细胞因子 mRNA 表达增加。有趣的是，IPO 组显示出与 POHF 和 IPOHF 组相似的参数。

结论

结果表明，即使在正常热量和正常脂质饮食中，用棕榈油替代酯交换棕榈油也可以负面调节肝脏和白色脂肪组织中的代谢参数和葡萄糖稳态以及细胞因子基因表达。该数据支持对酯化脂肪对健康影响的担忧，并可能促进有关食品工业利用这种非天然脂肪的安全性的进一步讨论。