The development of catalytic materials for the recycling CO₂ through a myriad of available processes is an attractive field, especially given the current climate change. While there is increasing publication in this field, the reported catalysts rarely deviate from the traditionally supported metal nanoparticle morphology, with the most simplistic method of enhancement being the addition of more metals to an already complex composition. Encapsulated catalysts, especially yolk@shell catalysts with hollow voids, offer answers to the most prominent issues faced by this field, coking and sintering, and further potential for more advanced phenomena, for example, the confinement effect, to promote selectivity or offer greater protection against coking and sintering. This work serves to demonstrate the current position of catalyst development in the fields of thermal CO₂ reforming and hydrogenation, summarizing the most recent work available and most common metals used for these reactions, and how yolk@shell catalysts can offer superior performance and survivability in thermal CO₂ reforming and hydrogenation to the more traditional structure. Furthermore, this work will briefly demonstrate the bespoke nature and highly variable yolk@shell structure. Moreover, this review aims to illuminate the spatial confinement effect and how it enhances yolk@shell structured nanoreactors is presented.

回收CO ₂的催化材料的开发通过无数可用的过程是一个有吸引力的领域，特别是考虑到当前的气候变化。尽管在该领域中有越来越多的出版物，但是所报道的催化剂很少偏离传统上负载的金属纳米颗粒的形态，最简单的增强方法是向已经很复杂的组合物中添加更多的金属。包封的催化剂，特别是具有空心空隙的蛋黄壳催化剂，为解决该领域所面临的最突出问题（焦化和烧结）提供了解决方案，并为更高级的现象（例如限制作用）提供了进一步的潜力，以促进选择性或提供更好的保护防止焦化和烧结。这项工作旨在证明催化剂开发在热CO ₂领域中的当前地位。重整和加氢，总结了可用于这些反应的最新工作和最常用的金属，以及蛋黄壳催化剂如何在热CO ₂重整和加氢中为更传统的结构提供卓越的性能和生存性。此外，这项工作将简要展示定制性质和高度可变的蛋黄壳结构。此外，本综述旨在阐明空间限制作用以及其如何增强蛋黄@壳结构的纳米反应器。