Abstract With the continuous increase in the proportion of electricity used by commercial and residential customers and the popularity of intelligent appliances, demand response has become an important resource in improving the flexibility of the power system operation. This study focuses on exploiting the demand-side flexibility resources in unit scheduling. First, an energy management model (EMM) is established for intelligent temperature control appliances (ITCAs) of commercial and residential customers which can optimize its electricity consumption according to power prices under the smart grid, and the calculation model on the price elasticity of demand (PED) of the ITCA is built on the EMM through the mathematical derivation, by which the calculation method of ITCAs’ flexibility is proposed, namely, the PED of the ITCA is obtain with the consideration of appliance operation characteristics and customer's electricity consumption behaviors. Subsequently, taking the time-of-use (TOU) power price into account, a flexibility calculation method for ITCAs is proposed. Then, a unit scheduling model considering the flexibility of ITCAs is established in order to explore the influence of TOU power price on the power system operation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method and model is verified in the IEEE-RTS79 system and a practical case in Zhangjiakou, China, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed model can quantify the flexibility of ITCAs driven by electricity price signals and analyze the impact of the flexible response of ITCAs induced by TOU power price on the operation of the power system.

中文翻译：

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考虑分时电价下智能温控电器灵活性的机组调度

摘要 随着商住用户用电比例的不断提高和智能家电的普及，需求响应已成为提高电力系统运行灵活性的重要资源。本研究侧重于开发单元调度中的需求侧灵活性资源。首先，针对商业和住宅用户的智能温控电器（ITCA）建立能源管理模型（EMM），根据智能电网下的电价优化其用电量，以及需求价格弹性的计算模型（ ITCA 的 PED) 通过数学推导建立在 EMM 之上，由此提出了 ITCA 灵活性的计算方法，即，ITCA 的 PED 是综合考虑家电运行特点和客户用电行为得出的。随后，考虑到使用时间（TOU）电价，提出了一种ITCA的灵活性计算方法。然后，建立考虑 ITCA 灵活性的机组调度模型，以探讨 TOU 电价对电力系统运行的影响。最后，分别在IEEE-RTS79系统和张家口实际案例中验证了所提出方法和模型的有效性。仿真结果表明，该模型能够量化电价信号驱动的ITCAs的灵活性，分析TOU电价引起的ITCAs的灵活响应对电力系统运行的影响。