Abstract Blockchain quickly became an important technology in many applications of precision agriculture discipline. The need to develop smart P2P systems capable of verifying, securing, monitoring, and analyzing agricultural data is leading to thinking about building blockchain-based IoT systems in precision agriculture. Blockchain plays the role of pivotal in replacing the classical methods of storing, sorting and sharing agricultural data into a more reliable, immutable, transparent and decentralized manner. In precision farming, the combination of the Internet of Things and the blockchain will move us from only smart farms only to the internet of smart farms and add more control in supply-chains networks. The result of this combination will lead to more autonomy and intelligence in managing precision agriculture in more efficient and optimized ways. This paper exhibits a comprehensive survey on the importance of integrating both blockchain and IoT in developing smart applications in precision agriculture. The paper also proposed novel blockchain models that can be used as important solutions for major challenges in IoT-based precision agricultural systems. In addition, the study reviewed and clearly discussed the main functions and strengths of the common blockchain platforms used in managing various sub-sectors in precision agriculture such as crops, livestock grazing, and food supply chain. Finally, the paper discussed some of the security and privacy challenges, and blockchain-open issues that obstacles developing blockchain-IoT systems in precision agriculture.

中文翻译：

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在精准农业中整合区块链和物联网：分析、机遇和挑战

摘要 区块链迅速成为精准农业学科众多应用中的一项重要技术。需要开发能够验证、保护、监控和分析农业数据的智能 P2P 系统，这导致考虑在精准农业中构建基于区块链的物联网系统。区块链在取代传统的农业数据存储、分类和共享方法成为更可靠、不可变、透明和去中心化的方式方面发挥着关键作用。在精准农业中，物联网和区块链的结合将使我们从单纯的智能农场转向智能农场的互联网，并增加对供应链网络的控制。这种结合的结果将导致在以更有效和优化的方式管理精准农业方面具有更多的自主性和智能性。本文对整合区块链和物联网在开发精准农业智能应用方面的重要性进行了全面调查。该论文还提出了新的区块链模型，可用作解决基于物联网的精准农业系统中重大挑战的重要解决方案。此外，该研究还回顾并明确讨论了用于管理精准农业各个子行业（如作物、牲畜放牧和食品供应链）的通用区块链平台的主要功能和优势。最后，论文讨论了一些安全和隐私挑战，