The emergence of new visualization technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) had been widely implemented in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Although cumulative evidence pointed out a positive impact of these visualization technologies on construction task performance, there is still an obvious disagreement on the benefits or implications of these new visualization technologies, due to the lack of understanding of the mechanisms in which the visualization affects cognitive processes related to information processing. To obtain more evidence, this paper presents a human-subject experiment (n = 90) to investigate the impact of information format on the performance of an industrial pipeline maintenance task. The investigation centers around how different engineering information formats affect the attention patterns as a potential explanation for the changes in performance. A between-group experiment design was used where the participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (2D group, 3D group, and VR group) depending on what type of information was given to review the pipe operation instruction. After the review session, the participants were asked to perform the operation task in the virtual environment based on their memory. The results showed that the 3D and VR groups outperformed the 2D group in task performance. The analysis of eye-tracking data further indicated that the information format significantly changed the gaze scanning pattern when participants were reviewing the operational instructions. We also found that the task performance was correlated with eye-tracking features including gaze movement and pupil dilation. Our findings provided more evidence about the mechanisms in which new visualization technologies affect the attention patterns, helped resolve the current disagreement within the literature. In addition, a prediction model was proposed to use eye-tracking features to predict construction task performance.

虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）等新可视化技术的出现已在建筑，工程和建设（AEC）行业中得到广泛实施。尽管累积的证据指出了这些可视化技术对施工任务绩效的积极影响，但由于缺乏对可视化影响认知过程的机制的了解，因此在这些新型可视化技术的收益或含意上仍然存在明显分歧。与信息处理有关。为了获得更多证据，本文提出了一项人为对象的实验（n = 90），以研究信息格式对工业管道维护任务性能的影响。该调查围绕不同的工程信息格式如何影响注意力模式作为对性能变化的潜在解释。使用组间实验设计，其中根据给出的信息类型来将参与者随机分配到三组（2D组，3D组和VR组）中的一组，以查看管道操作指令。复习会话后，要求参与者根据他们的记忆在虚拟环境中执行操作任务。结果表明，3D和VR组在任务执行方面优于2D组。对眼动数据的分析还表明，当参与者查看操作说明时，信息格式显着改变了凝视扫描模式。我们还发现，任务执行与眼睛跟踪功能（包括凝视运动和瞳孔散大）相关。我们的发现为新的可视化技术影响注意力模式的机制提供了更多证据，有助于解决文献中当前的分歧。此外，提出了一种预测模型，该模型使用眼动追踪功能来预测施工任务的性能。