In natural protected areas, buildings such as small villages, farms, shepherd's huts, camps, small hotels or visitor centres are common, usually at very low densities. Although buildings could play a role in modifying the biodiversity of natural protected areas, there has hardly been any attempt to describe the composition and characteristics of the vegetation associated with these buildings. Here, we analysed if there is specific vegetation associated with buildings in a set of six buildings within the Doñana National Park (SW Spain). We used Detrended Correspondence Analysis to identify trends of variation associated with buildings, and G-tests to examine if the species associated with buildings differed significantly in geographical distribution and functional characteristics from the species of the natural area. To compare species richness between the plots associated with the buildings and those associated with the natural area, sample-based rarefaction curves were created using incidence data. We found that buildings increased the richness of plant communities, mainly of species with a wide geographical distribution or which are adapted to heavy disturbance. This effect remained even 40 years after abandonment, which means that buildings act as a long-lasting refuge for ruderal and invasive plant species that remain around them, but not invading the surroundings unless there are disturbances. We conclude that the perturbation caused by isolated buildings seem to create localized plant diversity hotspots in the sands of the Doñana ecosystems that remain distinct from the surrounding natural area for decades.

在自然保护区中，小村庄，农场，牧人小屋，营地，小旅馆或游客中心等建筑物很常见，通常密度很低。尽管建筑物可以在改变自然保护区的生物多样性方面发挥作用，但几乎没有任何描述这些建筑物相关植被的组成和特征的尝试。在这里，我们分析了Doñana国家公园（西班牙西南）内六栋建筑物中与建筑物相关的特定植被。我们使用去趋势对应分析来确定与建筑物相关的变化趋势，并使用G检验来检查与建筑物相关的物种在地理分布和功能特征方面是否与自然地区的物种显着不同。为了比较与建筑物相关的地块与与自然区域相关的地块之间的物种丰富度，使用入射数据创建了基于样本的稀疏曲线。我们发现建筑物增加了植物群落的丰富度，主要是具有广泛地理分布或适应严重干扰的物种。这种影响甚至在被遗弃后的40年内仍然存在，这意味着建筑物可以作为保留在其周围的野蛮和入侵植物物种的长期庇护所，但是除非受到干扰，否则它们不会侵入周围环境。我们得出的结论是，由孤立的建筑物引起的扰动似乎会在Doñana生态系统的沙子中形成局部的植物多样性热点，数十年来仍然与周围的自然地区截然不同。