We consider a monopolistic retailer of a seasonal product who faces random demand of strategic customers. The selling season is segmented into two periods, a normal selling period and a sales or discounted price period. The retailer preannounces the total sales quantity and the prices offered in these periods. Customers have identical product valuation in the normal selling period. However, a customer’s valuation of the product in the sales period is his private information and is assumed to be randomly distributed. A strategic customer decides to either buy in the normal selling period or wait for the sales period by comparing his expected utility in the respective periods. In a market of such strategic customers, a retailer faces the problem of determining his optimal order quantity. Hence, in this research we consider a two-stage decision making process; in the first stage, the retailer decides the initial order quantity and in the second stage strategic customers decide to either buy during the normal selling period or wait for the sales period. The focus of this work is to determine the order quantity of the retailer which maximizes his expected profit in a monopoly market of such decision making strategic customers. We determine the optimal order quantity of the retailer given these optimal decisions of strategic customers by extending the work of Song et al. (Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1305–1319, 2019). Numerical illustrations and parametric analysis are performed to get insights about the developed model.

中文翻译：

---

战略客户在场时的最佳订货量

我们考虑一个季节性产品的垄断零售商，该零售商面临战略客户的随机需求。销售季节分为两个时期，正常销售时期和销售或折扣价格时期。零售商预先宣布这些时期的总销量和提供的价格。客户在正常销售期间拥有相同的产品估值。但是，客户在销售期间对产品的估价是他的私人信息，假设是随机分布的。战略客户通过比较各个时期的预期效用，决定在正常销售期购买或等待销售期。在具有此类战略客户的市场中，零售商面临着确定其最佳订货量的问题。因此，在这项研究中，我们考虑了一个两阶段的决策过程；在第一阶段，零售商决定初始订单数量，在第二阶段，战略客户决定是在正常销售期间购买还是等待销售期间。这项工作的重点是确定零售商在此类决策战略客户的垄断市场中最大化其预期利润的订单数量。我们通过扩展 Song 等人的工作，在给定战略客户的这些最佳决策的情况下确定零售商的最佳订单数量。（Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1305–1319, 2019）。执行数值说明和参数分析以深入了解开发的模型。零售商决定初始订单数量，在第二阶段战略客户决定在正常销售期间购买或等待销售期间。这项工作的重点是确定零售商在此类决策战略客户的垄断市场中最大化其预期利润的订单数量。我们通过扩展 Song 等人的工作，在给定战略客户的这些最佳决策的情况下确定零售商的最佳订单数量。（Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1305–1319, 2019）。执行数值说明和参数分析以深入了解开发的模型。零售商决定初始订单数量，在第二阶段战略客户决定在正常销售期间购买或等待销售期间。这项工作的重点是确定零售商在此类决策战略客户的垄断市场中最大化其预期利润的订单数量。我们通过扩展 Song 等人的工作，确定零售商的最佳订单数量，从而确定战略客户的这些最佳决策。（Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1305–1319, 2019）。执行数值说明和参数分析以深入了解开发的模型。这项工作的重点是确定零售商在此类决策战略客户的垄断市场中最大化其预期利润的订单数量。我们通过扩展 Song 等人的工作，在给定战略客户的这些最佳决策的情况下确定零售商的最佳订单数量。（Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1305–1319, 2019）。执行数值说明和参数分析以深入了解开发的模型。这项工作的重点是确定零售商在此类决策战略客户的垄断市场中最大化其预期利润的订单数量。我们通过扩展 Song 等人的工作，在给定战略客户的这些最佳决策的情况下确定零售商的最佳订单数量。（Prod Oper Manag 28(5):1305–1319, 2019）。执行数值说明和参数分析以深入了解开发的模型。