Due to the limitation of huge forming load, inhomogeneity of plastic deformation, and small volume of deformation region, it is difficult to prepare bulk ultra-fine grains material (UFGM) with industry size by the existing severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods. In this study, a novel SPD method, namely 3D-SPD, was proposed. By establishing finite element model, the distribution of material flow, restraining to Mannesmann effect, and comparison of load were discussed. Based on the self-developed rolling mill, the corresponding experiments were conducted. The experimental results reveal that the buck ultra-fine grains material of 45 steel was obtained under the condition of feed angle 21°, cross angle 15°, cone angle 5°, reduction rate 50%, and roll speed 30 rpm. The average grain size was refined from 46 to 0.8–4 μm. The tensile test results indicate that the yield strength and tensile strength of the rolled bar were significantly improved.

中文翻译：

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45钢在三维严重塑性变形（3D-SPD）中的实验和数值分析

由于巨大的成形载荷，塑性变形的不均匀性和变形区域的体积的局限性，难以通过现有的严重塑性变形（SPD）方法制备具有工业规模的块状超细晶粒材料（UFGM）。在这项研究中，提出了一种新颖的SPD方法，即3D-SPD。通过建立有限元模型，讨论了物料流的分布，对曼内斯曼效应的约束以及载荷的比较。在自行开发的轧机的基础上，进行了相应的实验。实验结果表明，在进给角21°，交叉角15°，锥角5°，压下率50％，轧制速度30 rpm的条件下得到了45钢的巴克超细晶粒材料。平均晶粒度从46细化到0.8–4μm。