Background Protein supplementation has been suggested to augment endurance training adaptations by increasing mixed muscle and myofibrillar protein synthesis and lean body mass. However, a potential beneficial effect on mitochondrial adaptations is yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consuming whey protein hydrolysate before and whey protein hydrolysate plus carbohydrate (PRO-CHO) after each exercise session during a six-week training period compared to similarly timed intake of isocaloric CHO supplements on biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis, VO 2max and performance in trained runners. Methods Twenty-four trained runners (VO 2max 60.7 ± 3.7 ml O 2 kg − 1 min 1 ) completed a six-week block randomized controlled intervention period, consisting of progressive running training. Subjects were randomly assigned to either PRO-CHO or CHO and matched in pairs for gender, age, VO 2max , training and performance status. The PRO-CHO group ingested a protein beverage (0.3 g kg − 1 ) before and protein-carbohydrate beverage (0.3 g protein kg − 1 and 1 g carbohydrate kg − 1 ) after each exercise session. The CHO group ingested an energy matched carbohydrate beverage. Resting muscle biopsies obtained pre and post intervention were analyzed for mitochondrial specific enzyme activity and mitochondrial protein content. Subjects completed a 6 K time trial (6 K TT) and a VO 2max test pre, midway (only 6 K TT) and post intervention. Results Following six weeks of endurance training Cytochrome C (Cyt C) protein content was significantly higher in the PRO-CHO group compared to the CHO group ( p < 0.05), with several other mitochondrial proteins (Succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA), Cytochrome C oxidase (COX-IV), Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and Prohibitin (PHB1)) following a similar, but non-significant pattern ( p = 0.07–0.14). β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity was significantly lower after training in the CHO group ( p < 0.01), but not in the PRO-CHO group ( p = 0.24). VO 2max and 6 K TT was significantly improved after training with no significant difference between groups. Conclusion Intake of whey PRO hydrolysate before and whey PRO hydrolysate plus CHO after each exercise session during a six-week endurance training period may augment training effects on specific mitochondrial proteins compared to intake of iso-caloric CHO but does not alter VO 2max or 6 K TT performance. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov , NCT03561337 . Registered 6 June 2018 – Retrospectively registered.

中文翻译：

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与碳水化合物相比，补充乳清蛋白水解物支持训练有素的跑步者的线粒体适应

背景 蛋白质补充剂已被建议通过增加混合肌肉和肌原纤维蛋白质合成和瘦体重来增强耐力训练适应性。然而，对线粒体适应的潜在有益影响尚待澄清。本研究的目的是在六周的训练期间，与类似时间摄入等热 CHO 补充剂相比，在每次运动后食用乳清蛋白水解物和乳清蛋白水解物加碳水化合物 (PRO-CHO) 对生物标志物的影响线粒体生物发生、VO 2max 和受过训练的跑步者的表现。方法 24 名训练有素的跑步者（VO 2max 60.7 ± 3.7 ml O 2 kg − 1 min 1 ）完成了为期六周的随机对照干预期，包括渐进式跑步训练。受试者被随机分配到 PRO-CHO 或 CHO 组，并在性别、年龄、VO 2max、训练和表现状态方面配对。PRO-CHO 组在每次运动前摄入蛋白质饮料（0.3 g kg - 1 ），并在每次运动后摄入蛋白质碳水化合物饮料（0.3 g 蛋白质 kg - 1 和 1 g 碳水化合物 kg - 1 ）。CHO 组摄入了一种能量匹配的碳水化合物饮料。分析干预前后获得的静息肌肉活检的线粒体特异性酶活性和线粒体蛋白质含量。受试者在干预前、中途（仅 6 K TT）和干预后完成了 6 K 计时试验 (6 K TT) 和 VO 2max 测试。结果经过六周的耐力训练后，PRO-CHO 组的细胞色素 C（Cyt C）蛋白含量显着高于 CHO 组（p < 0.05），与其他几种线粒体蛋白（琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDHA)、细胞色素 C 氧化酶 (COX-IV)、电压依赖性阴离子通道 (VDAC)、热休克蛋白 60 (HSP60) 和 Prohibitin (PHB1)）遵循类似但非-显着模式（p = 0.07–0.14）。CHO 组训练后 β-羟酰基辅酶 A 脱氢酶 (HAD) 活性显着降低 (p < 0.01)，但 PRO-CHO 组没有 (p = 0.24)。VO 2max 和 6 K TT 训练后显着改善，组间无显着差异。结论 在为期六周的耐力训练期间，每次运动前摄入乳清 PRO 水解物和乳清 PRO 水解物加 CHO 后，与摄入等热量 CHO 相比，可能会增强对特定线粒体蛋白的训练效果，但不会改变 VO 2max 或 6 K TT表现。试验注册clinicaltrials.gov，NCT03561337。2018 年 6 月 6 日注册 - 追溯注册。