Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from not only bone marrow, but also various adult mesenchymal tissues such as periosteum, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. MSCs from different tissue sources have different molecular phenotypes and differentiation potential. Synovial membrane (SM) is an important and highly specific component of synovial joints. Previous studies have suggested that the synovium is a structure with a few cell layers thick and consists mainly of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which forms a layer that lining the synovial membrane on the joint cavity and synovial fluid through cell-cell contact. In recent years, studies have found that there are also mesenchymal stem cells in the synovium, and as an important part of the mesenchymal stem cell family, it has strong capabilities of cartilage forming and tissue repairing. This article reviews the sources, surface markers, subtypes, influencing factors, and applications in inflammatory joints of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) in recent years, aiming to clarify the research status and existing problems of SM-MSCs.

中文翻译：

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滑膜间充质干细胞：过去的生活，现状和在骨和关节疾病中的应用。

间充质干细胞（MSCs）不仅可以从骨髓中分离，而且可以从各种成人间质组织（如骨膜，骨骼肌和脂肪组织）中分离出来。来自不同组织来源的MSC具有不同的分子表型和分化潜能。滑膜（SM）是滑膜关节的重要且高度特异性的组件。先前的研究表明，滑膜是一种具有几个细胞层厚的结构，主要由成纤维样滑膜细胞（FLS）组成，该层形成一层通过关节与细胞之间的接触而衬在关节腔和滑液之间的层。近年来，研究发现滑膜中还存在间充质干细胞，作为间充质干细胞家族的重要组成部分，它具有强大的软骨形成和组织修复能力。本文综述了滑膜间充质干细胞（SM-MSCs）近年来的来源，表面标志物，亚型，影响因素及其在炎性关节中的应用，旨在阐明SM-MSCs的研究现状和存在的问题。