Although conventional electromechanical circuit breakers have a proven record as effective and reliable devices for circuit protection, emerging power distribution technologies and architectures, such as dc microgrids, require improved interruption performance characteristics (e.g., faster switching speed). The need for faster switching operation, in combination with the latest developments of advanced power semiconductor technologies, has spurred an increase in the research and development in the area of solid-state circuit breakers. This article provides a comprehensive review of various solid-state circuit breaker technologies that have been reported in the literature during recent years. First, we categorize solid-state circuit breakers based on key features and subsystems, including power semiconductor devices, main circuit topologies, voltage clamping methods, gate drivers, fault detection methods, and commutation methods for power semiconductor devices. Second, we discuss the various challenges associated with the design of solid-state circuit breakers from the perspective of generic applications and provide a comparison of several solid-state breaker technologies based on key metrics. Finally, we provide a useful framework and point of reference for future development of solid-state circuit breakers for many emerging power distribution applications.

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固态断路器回顾

尽管传统机电断路器作为有效和可靠的电路保护设备已有证明，但新兴的配电技术和架构，例如直流微电网，需要改进的中断性能特性（例如，更快的开关速度）。对更快开关操作的需求，结合先进功率半导体技术的最新发展，刺激了固态断路器领域的研究和开发。本文全面回顾了近年来文献中报道的各种固态断路器技术。首先，我们根据关键特性和子系统对固态断路器进行分类，包括功率半导体器件、主电路拓扑、功率半导体器件的电压钳位方法、栅极驱动器、故障检测方法和换向方法。其次，我们从通用应用的角度讨论了与固态断路器设计相关的各种挑战，并根据关键指标对几种固态断路器技术进行了比较。最后，我们为许多新兴配电应用的固态断路器的未来开发提供了一个有用的框架和参考点。我们从通用应用的角度讨论了与固态断路器设计相关的各种挑战，并根据关键指标对几种固态断路器技术进行了比较。最后，我们为许多新兴配电应用的固态断路器的未来开发提供了一个有用的框架和参考点。我们从通用应用的角度讨论了与固态断路器设计相关的各种挑战，并根据关键指标对几种固态断路器技术进行了比较。最后，我们为许多新兴配电应用的固态断路器的未来开发提供了一个有用的框架和参考点。