Humanoid robots are widely used in brain computer interface (BCI). Using a humanoid robot stimulus could increase the amplitude of event-related potentials (ERPs), which improves BCI performance. Since a humanoid robot contains many human elements, the element that increases the ERPs amplitude is unclear, and how to test the effect of it on the brain is a problem. This study used different graphic structures of an NAO humanoid robot to design three types of robot stimuli: a global robot, its local information, and its topological action. Ten subjects first conducted an odd-ball-based BCI (OD-BCI) by applying these stimuli. Then, they accomplished a delayed matching-to-sample task (DMST) that was used to specialize the encoding and retrieval phases of the OD-BCI task. In the retrieval phase of the DMST, the global stimulus induces the largest N200 and P300 potentials with the shortest latencies in the frontal, central, and occipital areas. This finding is in accordance with the P300 and classification performance of the OD-BCI task. When induced by the local stimulus, the subjects responded faster and more accurately in the retrieval phase of the DMST than in the other two conditions, indicating that the local stimulus improved the subject's responses. These results indicate that the OD-BCI task causes subject's retrieval work when the subject recognizes and outputs the stimulus. The global stimulus that contains topological and local elements could make brain react faster and induce larger ERPs, this finding could be used during the development of visual stimuli to improve BCI performance.

中文翻译：

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仿人机器人图形结构对N200和P300电位的影响


人形机器人广泛应用于脑机接口（BCI）领域。使用人形机器人刺激可以增加事件相关电位 (ERP) 的幅度，从而提高 BCI 性能。由于人形机器人含有很多人类元素，导致ERPs幅度增加的元素尚不清楚，如何测试其对大脑的影响是一个问题。本研究使用 NAO 人形机器人的不同图形结构来设计三种类型的机器人刺激：全局机器人、其局部信息及其拓扑动作。十名受试者首先通过应用这些刺激进行基于奇怪球的脑机接口 (OD-BCI)。然后，他们完成了延迟样本匹配任务 (DMST)，该任务用于专门化 OD-BCI 任务的编码和检索阶段。在 DMST 的检索阶段，全局刺激在额叶、中央和枕叶区域诱导最大的 N200 和 P300 电位，且延迟时间最短。这一发现与 OD-BCI 任务的 P300 和分类性能一致。当受到局部刺激诱导时，受试者在 DMST 检索阶段的反应比其他两种情况更快、更准确，这表明局部刺激改善了受试者的反应。这些结果表明，当受试者识别并输出刺激时，OD-BCI 任务会引起受试者的检索工作。包含拓扑和局部元素的全局刺激可以使大脑反应更快并诱导更大的 ERP，这一发现可以在视觉刺激的开发过程中使用，以提高 BCI 性能。