Background: Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder known to induce a high blood glucose level that fluctuates outside the normal range. Diabetes affects and damages the organs in the body and causes heart issues, blindness and kidney failure. Continuous monitoring is mandatory to keep the blood glucose level within a healthy range.
Materials and Methods: This research was focused on diagnosing diabetes mellitus on zeolite nanoparticle-polyethylene glycol complex-immobilized interdigitated electrode sensor (IDE) surfaces. Zeolite nanoparticles were extracted from the fly ash of a thermal power plant by alkaline extraction. The surface morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the presence of certain elements and the particle size were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and particle size analysis, respectively.
Results: The crystalline PEG-zeolite nanoparticles were synthesized with a size of 40± 10 nm according to high-resolution microscopy. A particle size analyzer revealed the sizes of the fly ash and PEG-zeolite particles as 60± 10 μm and 50± 10 nm, respectively. The IDE surface was evaluated for its ability to display antifouling properties and sense glucose levels on the abovementioned nanoparticle-modified surface. Glucose oxidase was probed on the PEG-zeolite-modified IDE surface, and glucose was detected. PEG zeolite performed well with excellent antifouling properties on the IDE sensor surface and improved the glucose detection limit to 0.03 mg/mL from 0.08 mg/mL, as determined by linear regressions [y = 5.365x - 6.803; R² = 0.9035 (zeolite surface) and y = 5.498x + 5.914R² = 0.9061 (PEG-zeolite surface)]. This enhancement was ∼ 3-fold, and sensitivities were found to be 0.03 and 0.06 mg/mL glucose for the PEG-zeolite- and zeolite-modified surfaces, respectively, showing a 2-fold difference.
Conclusion: The excellent biocompatible surface modified by PEG zeolite exhibited high performance and is useful for medical diagnosis.



中文翻译：

---

飞灰基沸石复合聚乙二醇在叉指电极表面上用于糖尿病的高性能测定

背景：糖尿病是一种复杂的代谢疾病，已知会导致高血糖水平波动超出正常范围。糖尿病会影响和损害身体的器官，并导致心脏问题、失明和肾衰竭。必须持续监测以将血糖水平保持在健康范围内。
材料和方法：这项研究的重点是在沸石纳米颗粒-聚乙二醇复合物固定的叉指电极传感器 (IDE) 表面上诊断糖尿病。沸石纳米粒子是通过碱提法从火力发电厂的飞灰中提取的。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察合成的纳米粒子的表面形貌，并分别通过能量色散X射线光谱和粒度分析确定某些元素的存在和粒度。
结果：根据高分辨率显微镜，合成了尺寸为 40±10 nm 的结晶 PEG-沸石纳米颗粒。粒度分析仪显示飞灰和 PEG-沸石颗粒的尺寸分别为 60±10 μm 和 50±10 nm。评估了 IDE 表面在上述纳米粒子改性表面上显示防污性能和感知葡萄糖水平的能力。在PEG-沸石修饰的IDE表面上探测葡萄糖氧化酶，并检测到葡萄糖。PEG 沸石在 IDE 传感器表面表现良好，具有出色的防污性能，并将葡萄糖检测限从 0.08 mg/mL 提高到 0.03 mg/mL，由线性回归确定 [y = 5.365x - 6.803; R ² = 0.9035（沸石表面）和 y = 5.498x + 5.914R ²= 0.9061 (PEG-沸石表面)]。这种增强约为 3 倍，发现 PEG 沸石和沸石改性表面的灵敏度分别为 0.03 和 0.06 mg/mL 葡萄糖，显示出 2 倍的差异。
结论： PEG分子筛改性后具有优异的生物相容性表面，具有较高的性能，可用于医学诊断。